stress and inflammatory response Flashcards
describe constancy
a fixicity of the internal environment despite changes in the external envirnment
describe homeostasis
a balanced internal state within the body
there are different things that can impact homeostasis like stress or illness
describe stress
anything that upsets the balance and the body’s attempt to return itself to that steady state
stress is produced in changes in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threatening, or damaging to our body’s equilibrium
describe adaptation
the desired goal of appraising and coping with changes in our environment
what is a stressor
anything that can change the internal or external environment that creates a potential physiologic, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral changes within our body
name and describe three types of stressors
- physical (something extreme liek extreme cold or heat)
- physiologic (things like pain, fatigue or fever)
- psychosocial (things like fear or anxiety)
describe stress as a stimulus for disease
chronic high levels of stress can result in disease. wears on the immune system, causes chronic release of cortisol which also causes and increase in glucose
what are some temporal aspects of stress
- day to day stress
- normal life transition
- enduring stressor (chronic illness)
- infrequent enduring (things like death of a loved one or permanent disability)
- major complex (war, terrorism)
describe the apparaisal of a stressful event
- cognitive response (primary appraisal - the fact that we have to recognize a situation that is going to be a stressor)
- behavioral response (secondary appraisal - what are you going to do about it)
- can be emotion focused or problem focused
describe coping with a stressful environment
- cognitive response (identifying what you are going to do to cope)
- behavioral response (doing it. reacting to the stressor)
- can be: emotion focused (making yourself feel batter about it) or problem focused (making direct changes to the environment to handle the event)
whats included in seyle’s theory of adaptation
- general adaptation syndrome
- local adaptation syndrome
describe general adaptation syndrome
- alarm phase - fight or flight response and inflammatory response
- resistance phase - adapting to the stressor and release of cortisol
- exhaustion phase - endocrine activity increases and causes negative effects on the body (especially impacts circulation, digestion, and immune system)
describe local adaptation system
- trigger inflammatory response on the body
- works at the site of injury
- if severe enough and left long enough, can turn into general adaptation syndrome
whats included in stress interpretation in the brain
- sympathetic nervous system response (norepinephrine)
- sympathetic - adrenal - medullary response (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
- hypothalamic - pituatary response (results in increased cortisol which increases glucose to give energy to deal with stressor)
- immunologic response (can be inflammatory response, affects WBC count)
how does chronic stress impact WBC count
low count
