heart failure Flashcards
whats happening in heart failure
- supply vs demand issue
- body demands more = increased HR = increase in symptoms
- RAAS initiation
- stress response
- blood congestion in L side of heart
- backflow of blood to lungs
- blood congestion in lungs, fluid in alveoli and lung tissues
- eventual congestion in R side of heart
what happens when RAAS is initiated
leads to vasocontriction and increased blood volume
what is the most common side of right sided heart failure
left sided heart failure
what are some causes of left sided HF
- coronary artery disease
- MI
- valvular issues
- renal failure
- HTN
- cardiomyopathy
- diabetes
- sleep apnea
how will a heart failure patient present?
- SOB/activity intolerance
- CP
- crackles in lungs; cough; progressing to respiratory distress
- peripheral edema; pitting edema to lower extremities
- palpitations/arrhythmias
what arrhythmia is most common with heart failure
afib
what diagnostics and labs are used for heart failure
- BNP (gold standard)
- CBC, BMP
- chest xray (can see wall thickening)
- CT/CTA
- ECHO
- EKG
what is BNP
released with detection of stretch and volume in the left ventricle
what are some considerations to take with CT/CTA
- there may be an allergy to contrast
- NPO for a few hours before
- for contrast: check kidney function (BUN/Cr)
what can an ECHO tell you
ejection fraction, regurge, valve issues
what meds may be used for heart failure
- ACE-I (lisinopril)
- Beta blockers (metoprolol)
- diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone)
- anticoagulants (warfarin)
- antiarrhythmics (metoprolol, flecainide, sotalol, amiodarone)
- cardiac glyosides (digoxin)
what do ACE-Is do for heart failure
like lisinopril
block vasoconstriction and excess of fluid volume
issue is the ACE cough
what do beta blockers do for heart failure
like metoprolol
decreased HR and increased contractility
what do diuretics do for heart failure
decrease fluid volume
what are some acute interventions for heart failure
Bipap (noninvasive vent, forces O2 down)
super uncomfy
