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immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is immunity

A

body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism

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2
Q

whats the immune systems function

A
  • bodys defense mechanism -> physical injury and infection
  • maintain homeostasis -> equilibrium of internal environment and surveillance
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3
Q

what factors may affect the immune system

A
  • genetics (can have missing antibodies)
  • general physical condition
  • meds
  • dietary patterns (less mcnuggies and more veggies or some shit like that)
  • stress (hormones trigger mild immune response)
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4
Q

disorders of the immune system result from…

A
  • genetics
  • medically acquired
  • excess or deficiencies of immunocompetent cells
  • alteration in function of cells
  • immunologic attack on self antigens
  • inappropriate/exaggerated responses
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5
Q

what are the two types of lymphocytes and what do they do

A

B cells
- humoral immunity, antibody production
- make cute little memories
- responsible for anaphylaxis and sx of vaccines

T cells
- cellular immunity, several types
- these are the little bad asses
- aggressive little fuckers

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6
Q

spleen and lymph nodes are included in…

A

lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

what does the spleen do

A
  • filters out old and injured RBCs
  • high concentration of lymphocytes
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8
Q

what do lymph nodes do

A
  • all over the body, connected by lymph channels and capillaries
  • remove foreign material before it enters the blood stream
  • center for immune cell proliferation
  • stores WBCs
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9
Q

whats natural immunity

A
  • innate
  • defense against and resistance to infection
  • inflammatory response
  • physical and chemical barriers
  • nonspecific
  • present at birth
  • immune regulation
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10
Q

whats acquired immunity

A
  • adaptive
  • “learned” through exposure, contracted disease or vaccination
  • specific
  • after birth
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11
Q

whats active acquired immunity

A

defenses developed by person’s own body (lasts a long time)

infection or vaccination

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12
Q

whats passive acquired immunity

A

temporary from source outside the body

maternal immunity (titty milk) and monoclonal antibodies

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13
Q

antibodies passed on in breast milk are considered what type of immunity

A

passive

performed anitbodies passed on from breast milk are passive adaptive immunity

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14
Q

invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens leads to three types of defense… what are they

A
  1. phagocytic immune response -> WBCs ingect and destroy foreign particles
  2. humoral or antibody immune resopnse -> B cells respond with antibodies
  3. cellular immune response -> T cells attack foreign particles
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15
Q

describe phagocytic immune response

A
  • first line
  • WBCs ingest and destroy foreign particles
  • macrophages and -phils
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16
Q

describe humoral or antibody immune response

A
  • B cells
  • recognition of antigen
  • immunoglobulins
  • production of antibodies
  • circulates in peripheral blood
  • antigen-antibody binding
17
Q

what are some responses of humoral immunity

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • allergic hay fever and asthma
  • immune complex disease
  • bacterial and some viral infections
18
Q

describe IgG

this is a humoral immunity antibody

A
  • 75% of em
  • blood and tissue infections
  • activates complement system (calls its buddies to fight)
  • anhances phagocytosis
  • crosses the placenta (pretty big with genetic deficiencies)
19
Q

describe cell mediated immunity

A
  • T cells
  • circulates in peripheral blood
  • does no produce antibodies
  • major role: surveillance
20
Q

what are some responses of cell mediated immunity

A
  • transplant rejection
  • delayed hypersensitivity (Tb reaction)
  • graft vs host
  • tumor surveillance (recognition or destruction)
  • seen in long term immune reactions
21
Q

what are some types of T cells

A
  • helper T cells (CD4)
  • cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
  • natural killer cells
22
Q

what do helper T cells (CD4) do

A
  • facilitate action of other types T and B cells
  • stimulate immune system
  • releases cytokines -> chemicals calling for help
23
Q

look at this thing

A
24
Q

what do cytokines do

A

mediate interactions between cells

25
Q

what produces cytokines

A

lymphocytes

signals for WBCs

26
Q

there are 4 functions of cytokines, what are they

A

1) enhancement of phagocyte activity
2) regulate lymphocyte production and function
3) trigger inflammatory response
4) systemic effects: fever, bone marrow stimulation

27
Q

what are interleukins

A

activate inflammation, induces fever, activates T, B, and NK cells

28
Q

what is colony stimulating factor

A

cytokines that regulate production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hemaopoietic cells

29
Q

what are interferons

A

antiviral and antitumor properties

30
Q

whats tumor necrosis factor

A
  • induces endotoxic shock
  • growth factor for fibroblasts
  • necrotizes tumor cells
31
Q

what are monoclonal antibodies

A

made in lab to stimulate immune system

32
Q

what type of WBC makes antibodies

A

B cells

33
Q

which immune response is considered the first line response to a foeign invader?

A

phagocytic

quick and dirty, goes in there and detroys shit

34
Q

whats included in health history regarding the immune system

A
  • gender
  • geronotologic (decreased immunity with age)
  • nutrition
  • immunizations
  • allergies (overreactive immune system)
  • disorders (IgG deficiencies)
  • meds (can change immune function)
  • blood tranfusions (if they got fucked b4 it’ll happen again)
  • lifestyle
  • psychoneuroimmunologic factors (guided imagery to think about immune system fighting)
35
Q

what treatments alter immune response

A
  • surgery
  • radiation
  • drug therapy: chemo, immunosuppression (transplants and anti-inflammatories)
  • immunotherapy - biologic response modifiers: growth factors, interleukins, and interferons
36
Q

true or false

gender is an important consideration in assessing risk for immune disorders

A

true

sex hormones are thought to play a part in immune response and disorders

adults (51 decks)

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