immunity Flashcards
what is immunity
body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism
whats the immune systems function
- bodys defense mechanism -> physical injury and infection
- maintain homeostasis -> equilibrium of internal environment and surveillance
what factors may affect the immune system
- genetics (can have missing antibodies)
- general physical condition
- meds
- dietary patterns (less mcnuggies and more veggies or some shit like that)
- stress (hormones trigger mild immune response)
disorders of the immune system result from…
- genetics
- medically acquired
- excess or deficiencies of immunocompetent cells
- alteration in function of cells
- immunologic attack on self antigens
- inappropriate/exaggerated responses
what are the two types of lymphocytes and what do they do
B cells
- humoral immunity, antibody production
- make cute little memories
- responsible for anaphylaxis and sx of vaccines
T cells
- cellular immunity, several types
- these are the little bad asses
- aggressive little fuckers
spleen and lymph nodes are included in…
lymphoid tissue
what does the spleen do
- filters out old and injured RBCs
- high concentration of lymphocytes
what do lymph nodes do
- all over the body, connected by lymph channels and capillaries
- remove foreign material before it enters the blood stream
- center for immune cell proliferation
- stores WBCs
whats natural immunity
- innate
- defense against and resistance to infection
- inflammatory response
- physical and chemical barriers
- nonspecific
- present at birth
- immune regulation
whats acquired immunity
- adaptive
- “learned” through exposure, contracted disease or vaccination
- specific
- after birth
whats active acquired immunity
defenses developed by person’s own body (lasts a long time)
infection or vaccination
whats passive acquired immunity
temporary from source outside the body
maternal immunity (titty milk) and monoclonal antibodies
antibodies passed on in breast milk are considered what type of immunity
passive
performed anitbodies passed on from breast milk are passive adaptive immunity
invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens leads to three types of defense… what are they
- phagocytic immune response -> WBCs ingect and destroy foreign particles
- humoral or antibody immune resopnse -> B cells respond with antibodies
- cellular immune response -> T cells attack foreign particles
describe phagocytic immune response
- first line
- WBCs ingest and destroy foreign particles
- macrophages and -phils
describe humoral or antibody immune response
- B cells
- recognition of antigen
- immunoglobulins
- production of antibodies
- circulates in peripheral blood
- antigen-antibody binding
what are some responses of humoral immunity
- anaphylaxis
- allergic hay fever and asthma
- immune complex disease
- bacterial and some viral infections
describe IgG
this is a humoral immunity antibody
- 75% of em
- blood and tissue infections
- activates complement system (calls its buddies to fight)
- anhances phagocytosis
- crosses the placenta (pretty big with genetic deficiencies)
describe cell mediated immunity
- T cells
- circulates in peripheral blood
- does no produce antibodies
- major role: surveillance
what are some responses of cell mediated immunity
- transplant rejection
- delayed hypersensitivity (Tb reaction)
- graft vs host
- tumor surveillance (recognition or destruction)
- seen in long term immune reactions
what are some types of T cells
- helper T cells (CD4)
- cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
- natural killer cells
what do helper T cells (CD4) do
- facilitate action of other types T and B cells
- stimulate immune system
- releases cytokines -> chemicals calling for help
look at this thing
what do cytokines do
mediate interactions between cells
what produces cytokines
lymphocytes
signals for WBCs
there are 4 functions of cytokines, what are they
1) enhancement of phagocyte activity
2) regulate lymphocyte production and function
3) trigger inflammatory response
4) systemic effects: fever, bone marrow stimulation
what are interleukins
activate inflammation, induces fever, activates T, B, and NK cells
what is colony stimulating factor
cytokines that regulate production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hemaopoietic cells
what are interferons
antiviral and antitumor properties
whats tumor necrosis factor
- induces endotoxic shock
- growth factor for fibroblasts
- necrotizes tumor cells
what are monoclonal antibodies
made in lab to stimulate immune system
what type of WBC makes antibodies
B cells
which immune response is considered the first line response to a foeign invader?
phagocytic
quick and dirty, goes in there and detroys shit
whats included in health history regarding the immune system
- gender
- geronotologic (decreased immunity with age)
- nutrition
- immunizations
- allergies (overreactive immune system)
- disorders (IgG deficiencies)
- meds (can change immune function)
- blood tranfusions (if they got fucked b4 it’ll happen again)
- lifestyle
- psychoneuroimmunologic factors (guided imagery to think about immune system fighting)
what treatments alter immune response
- surgery
- radiation
- drug therapy: chemo, immunosuppression (transplants and anti-inflammatories)
- immunotherapy - biologic response modifiers: growth factors, interleukins, and interferons
true or false
gender is an important consideration in assessing risk for immune disorders
true
sex hormones are thought to play a part in immune response and disorders
