HIV/AIDS

Question 1

do a lot of people of HIV/AIDS

Answer 1

yes.

Question 2

what are some risk factors for HIV

Answer 2

• health care workers
• geriatric population (55-64)
• drug abuse (with needles)
• mother to baby

Question 3

what are some sexual practices that can lead to HIV

Answer 3

• sexual exposure with someone
• oral sex

Question 4

what is HIV

Answer 4

• viruses are intracellular parasites
• infectious disease
• affects immune system
• belongs to a group of retroviruses (carries its own little genetic material in RNA)

Question 5

HIV infects:

Answer 5

• target cell is CD4 T cells (this causes the loss of immune function)
• mnocytes
• dendritic cells and microganglia (causes dementia)

Question 6

there are two stages of HIV, what are they

Answer 6

• early (when the virus first takes over)
• late (AIDS)

Question 7

how does HIV infect

Answer 7

it attaches to the target cell membrane (T cell) then goes around and infects other cells and fucks everything up

Question 8

name some HIV diagnostics

Answer 8

• ELISA
• antigen/antibody differentiation tests
• CD4 + T cell
• viral load testing

Question 9

describe ELISA

Answer 9

• enzyme immunoassay
• positive results mean antibodies detected
• takes the antibodies like 2 weeks to show up

Question 10

describe antigen/antibody differentiation tests

Answer 10

• detects HIV virus
• used to confirm ELISA

Question 11

describe CD4 + T cell

Answer 11

• count measures overall immune function
• used for HIV staging

Question 12

describe viral load testing

Answer 12

• measures HIV RNA in blood
• help measure response to treatment
• the lower the viral load, the longer survival time

Question 13

name and describe the stages of advancement of HIV

Answer 13

• stage 0: early infection, first two weeks, period when it first happens, antibodies are being made
• stage 1: >500 CD4 + T
• stage 2: 200-499 CD4 + T
• stage 3: <200 CD4+ T

Question 14

what are some early symptoms of HIV

Answer 14

• disappear in a week to month
• highly infectious during this period
• fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy
• high viral load

Question 15

what are some later symptoms of HIV

Answer 15

• lack of energy
• weight loss
• fevers/sweats
• N/V
• headache
• truncal rash
• ulcers of mouth, genitals, or both
• thrush

Question 16

how many positive tests do you need to diagnose HIV

Answer 16

two

Question 17

what is AIDS

Answer 17

• most advanced stages of HIB infection
• all HIV infected ppl with < 200 CD4+ T cells and with one or more AIDS defining illnesses

Question 18

name some AIDS defining illnesses

Answer 18

• opportunistic infections
• cancers
• HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia)
• HIV wasting syndrome (severeweight loss, N/V, diarrhea lasting longer than 30 days)

Question 19

name a few common oppportunistic infections associated with AIDS

Answer 19

• pneumocystis pneumonia: fever, cough, hypoxia
• mycobacterium avium complex: night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea
• tuberculosis: hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss
• candidiasis: white oral lesions, coated tongue

Question 20

whats the prevention for HIV/AIDS

Answer 20

• PrEP (pre exposure prophylaxis)
• medicines can work to keep the virus from establishing a permanent infection
• can help limit spread of virus to others
• tenofovir and emtricitabine

Question 21

describe treatment of HIV/AIDS

Answer 21

• HIV mutates rapidly and causes resistance to antiretroviral drugs
• use combo therapy (ART)
• ART drugs play a key role in interrupting the HIB process: inhibits, reduces, and halts

Question 22

what are some adverse effects to all HIV/AIDS treatment regimens

Answer 22

• hepatotoxicity
• nephrotoxicity
• osteopenia
• increased risk of CVD and MI

Question 23

whats the prognosis of HIV/AIDS

Answer 23

illness varies from person to person
- long term nonprogressor: immune system takes control and stay in HIV
- long term survivor: stay in AIDS

increase mortality/morbidity
- lower SES
- lack of access
- limited AIDS experience
- physician with little experience in AIDS care

Question 24

what are some nursing interventions for HIV/AIDS

Answer 24

• prevent progression
• assess for clinical manifestations
• increase caloric intake and fluids
• maintain comfort and safety
• prevent fatigue
• patient/fam education on preventing further infections

Question 25

true or false

pts may have false negative HIV antibody testing immediately after exposure

Answer 25

true

it takes about two weeks for the body to make antibodies against HIV so antibody testing may show negative results until bdy has made them

Question 26

which lab value do we monitor in evaluating the progression of HIV?

Answer 26

CD4

the lower the count, the more advanced the HIV has become