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adults > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

do a lot of people of HIV/AIDS

A

yes.

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2
Q

what are some risk factors for HIV

A
  • health care workers
  • geriatric population (55-64)
  • drug abuse (with needles)
  • mother to baby
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3
Q

what are some sexual practices that can lead to HIV

A
  • sexual exposure with someone
  • oral sex
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4
Q

what is HIV

A
  • viruses are intracellular parasites
  • infectious disease
  • affects immune system
  • belongs to a group of retroviruses (carries its own little genetic material in RNA)
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5
Q

HIV infects:

A
  • target cell is CD4 T cells (this causes the loss of immune function)
  • mnocytes
  • dendritic cells and microganglia (causes dementia)
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6
Q

there are two stages of HIV, what are they

A
  • early (when the virus first takes over)
  • late (AIDS)
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7
Q

how does HIV infect

A

it attaches to the target cell membrane (T cell) then goes around and infects other cells and fucks everything up

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8
Q

name some HIV diagnostics

A
  • ELISA
  • antigen/antibody differentiation tests
  • CD4 + T cell
  • viral load testing
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9
Q

describe ELISA

A
  • enzyme immunoassay
  • positive results mean antibodies detected
  • takes the antibodies like 2 weeks to show up
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10
Q

describe antigen/antibody differentiation tests

A
  • detects HIV virus
  • used to confirm ELISA
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11
Q

describe CD4 + T cell

A
  • count measures overall immune function
  • used for HIV staging
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12
Q

describe viral load testing

A
  • measures HIV RNA in blood
  • help measure response to treatment
  • the lower the viral load, the longer survival time
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13
Q

name and describe the stages of advancement of HIV

A
  • stage 0: early infection, first two weeks, period when it first happens, antibodies are being made
  • stage 1: >500 CD4 + T
  • stage 2: 200-499 CD4 + T
  • stage 3: <200 CD4+ T
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14
Q

what are some early symptoms of HIV

A
  • disappear in a week to month
  • highly infectious during this period
  • fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy
  • high viral load
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15
Q

what are some later symptoms of HIV

A
  • lack of energy
  • weight loss
  • fevers/sweats
  • N/V
  • headache
  • truncal rash
  • ulcers of mouth, genitals, or both
  • thrush
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16
Q

how many positive tests do you need to diagnose HIV

17
Q

what is AIDS

A
  • most advanced stages of HIB infection
  • all HIV infected ppl with < 200 CD4+ T cells and with one or more AIDS defining illnesses
18
Q

name some AIDS defining illnesses

A
  • opportunistic infections
  • cancers
  • HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia)
  • HIV wasting syndrome (severeweight loss, N/V, diarrhea lasting longer than 30 days)
19
Q

name a few common oppportunistic infections associated with AIDS

A
  • pneumocystis pneumonia: fever, cough, hypoxia
  • mycobacterium avium complex: night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea
  • tuberculosis: hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss
  • candidiasis: white oral lesions, coated tongue
20
Q

whats the prevention for HIV/AIDS

A
  • PrEP (pre exposure prophylaxis)
  • medicines can work to keep the virus from establishing a permanent infection
  • can help limit spread of virus to others
  • tenofovir and emtricitabine
21
Q

describe treatment of HIV/AIDS

A
  • HIV mutates rapidly and causes resistance to antiretroviral drugs
  • use combo therapy (ART)
  • ART drugs play a key role in interrupting the HIB process: inhibits, reduces, and halts
22
Q

what are some adverse effects to all HIV/AIDS treatment regimens

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • nephrotoxicity
  • osteopenia
  • increased risk of CVD and MI
23
Q

whats the prognosis of HIV/AIDS

A

illness varies from person to person
- long term nonprogressor: immune system takes control and stay in HIV
- long term survivor: stay in AIDS

increase mortality/morbidity
- lower SES
- lack of access
- limited AIDS experience
- physician with little experience in AIDS care

24
Q

what are some nursing interventions for HIV/AIDS

A
  • prevent progression
  • assess for clinical manifestations
  • increase caloric intake and fluids
  • maintain comfort and safety
  • prevent fatigue
  • patient/fam education on preventing further infections
25
Q

true or false

pts may have false negative HIV antibody testing immediately after exposure

A

true

it takes about two weeks for the body to make antibodies against HIV so antibody testing may show negative results until bdy has made them

26
Q

which lab value do we monitor in evaluating the progression of HIV?

A

CD4

the lower the count, the more advanced the HIV has become

adults (51 decks)

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