HIV/AIDS Flashcards
do a lot of people of HIV/AIDS
yes.
what are some risk factors for HIV
- health care workers
- geriatric population (55-64)
- drug abuse (with needles)
- mother to baby
what are some sexual practices that can lead to HIV
- sexual exposure with someone
- oral sex
what is HIV
- viruses are intracellular parasites
- infectious disease
- affects immune system
- belongs to a group of retroviruses (carries its own little genetic material in RNA)
HIV infects:
- target cell is CD4 T cells (this causes the loss of immune function)
- mnocytes
- dendritic cells and microganglia (causes dementia)
there are two stages of HIV, what are they
- early (when the virus first takes over)
- late (AIDS)
how does HIV infect
it attaches to the target cell membrane (T cell) then goes around and infects other cells and fucks everything up
name some HIV diagnostics
- ELISA
- antigen/antibody differentiation tests
- CD4 + T cell
- viral load testing
describe ELISA
- enzyme immunoassay
- positive results mean antibodies detected
- takes the antibodies like 2 weeks to show up
describe antigen/antibody differentiation tests
- detects HIV virus
- used to confirm ELISA
describe CD4 + T cell
- count measures overall immune function
- used for HIV staging
describe viral load testing
- measures HIV RNA in blood
- help measure response to treatment
- the lower the viral load, the longer survival time
name and describe the stages of advancement of HIV
- stage 0: early infection, first two weeks, period when it first happens, antibodies are being made
- stage 1: >500 CD4 + T
- stage 2: 200-499 CD4 + T
- stage 3: <200 CD4+ T
what are some early symptoms of HIV
- disappear in a week to month
- highly infectious during this period
- fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy
- high viral load
what are some later symptoms of HIV
- lack of energy
- weight loss
- fevers/sweats
- N/V
- headache
- truncal rash
- ulcers of mouth, genitals, or both
- thrush
how many positive tests do you need to diagnose HIV
two
what is AIDS
- most advanced stages of HIB infection
- all HIV infected ppl with < 200 CD4+ T cells and with one or more AIDS defining illnesses
name some AIDS defining illnesses
- opportunistic infections
- cancers
- HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia)
- HIV wasting syndrome (severeweight loss, N/V, diarrhea lasting longer than 30 days)
name a few common oppportunistic infections associated with AIDS
- pneumocystis pneumonia: fever, cough, hypoxia
- mycobacterium avium complex: night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea
- tuberculosis: hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss
- candidiasis: white oral lesions, coated tongue
whats the prevention for HIV/AIDS
- PrEP (pre exposure prophylaxis)
- medicines can work to keep the virus from establishing a permanent infection
- can help limit spread of virus to others
- tenofovir and emtricitabine
describe treatment of HIV/AIDS
- HIV mutates rapidly and causes resistance to antiretroviral drugs
- use combo therapy (ART)
- ART drugs play a key role in interrupting the HIB process: inhibits, reduces, and halts
what are some adverse effects to all HIV/AIDS treatment regimens
- hepatotoxicity
- nephrotoxicity
- osteopenia
- increased risk of CVD and MI
whats the prognosis of HIV/AIDS
illness varies from person to person
- long term nonprogressor: immune system takes control and stay in HIV
- long term survivor: stay in AIDS
increase mortality/morbidity
- lower SES
- lack of access
- limited AIDS experience
- physician with little experience in AIDS care
what are some nursing interventions for HIV/AIDS
- prevent progression
- assess for clinical manifestations
- increase caloric intake and fluids
- maintain comfort and safety
- prevent fatigue
- patient/fam education on preventing further infections
