musculoskeletal overview Flashcards
1
Q
name some bones
A
- long (femur, humerus)
- short (tarsals)
- irregular (vertebrae, jaw)
- flat (sternum)
2
Q
does each bone have a purpose
A
yes
3
Q
describe composition of bones
A
- made of cells, proteins, and minerals
- has periossium which nourishes the bone and the tendons and ligaments attach to it
- also has endossium which is the vascular membrane that covers the bone marrow cavity
4
Q
what does the bone marrow make
A
- RBCs
- WBCs
- platelets
5
Q
describe bone maintenance and healing
A
- constant state of turnover (remodeling)
- resorption (removal/destruction)
- calcium and vitamin D are important
- hormones are important
6
Q
what factors may influence bone resorption
A
- physical activity (weight bearing)
- diet (Ca+)
- hormones
7
Q
what hormones have roles in bone maintenacne and healing
A
- PTH
- calcitonin
- calcitriol
- thyroid hormone
- cortisol
- growth hormone
- test and estrogen
8
Q
what does PTH do
A
- increases serum calcium
- moves calcium from bone to the blood
- promotes demineralization of bone
9
Q
what does calcitonin do
A
- decreases serum calcium
- inhibits bone resorption
- takes it from the blood and puts it in the bone
10
Q
what does calcitriol do
A
- this shit is just vitamin D but theyre not calling it that and its confusing
- it increases Ca+ in the blood by promoting absorption of it in GI
11
Q
what does thyroid hormone do
A
too much increases bone resoprtion
12
Q
what does cortisol do
A
too much fucks the bones
13
Q
what does growth hormone do
A
helps accelerate bone growth
14
Q
what do test and estrogen do
A
needed to enhance bone strength
15
Q
whats included in the articular system
A
- articulation aka the joints (fibrous, catilaginous, and synovial)
- joint capsules (covers end of bones - synovial fluid)
- ligaments and tendons (bind articular bones together)
- bursa (cushions tendons, ligaments, bones)
