GI assessment Flashcards
1
Q
whats the primary function of the GI system
A
- breakdown of food for digestion
- absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
- elimination of undigested food and waste products
2
Q
whats included in the GI system
A
its a closed system
mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine and large intestine -> rectum -> anus
includes accessory organs like liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
3
Q
wheres a lot of stuff absorbed
A
small intestine
4
Q
whats included in the portal venous system
A
- superior mesenteric
- inferior mesenteric
- gastric
- splenic
- cystic
5
Q
is the GI system innervated by SNS and PNS?
A
yes
6
Q
does aging have a minimal effect or crazy big effect on GI function
A
minimal
7
Q
what happens to the GI system as we age
A
- dysphagia, anorexia, dyspepsia, disorders of colonic function
- difficulty chewing and swallowing
- reflux and heart burn
- decreased motility and transit time (indigestion and constipation)
- decreased absorption of nutrients (dextrose, fats, calcium, iron)
- fecal incontinence (duller nerve impulses in rectal area)
8
Q
describe stool studies
A
- guiac/hemoccult (find blood in shit)
- fecal DNA
- ova and parasites
- cdiff
9
Q
describe serum labs for GI system
A
- CBC, CMP/BMP
- triglcerides
- LFTs
- amylase/lipase
- CEA/CA/alpha-fetoprotein
10
Q
describe abdominal US
A
- noninvasive, little prep, no side effects
- gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix
- fat free meal day before, NPO night prior to surgery
11
Q
describe fluoroscopy with X-ray
A
- moving picture
- use barium (contrast) aka barium swallow
- usedful to detect foreign bodies, ulcers, and varices and GI motility
- NPO previous night @ midnight
- patient will drive home after
- ancourage fluids to flush out barium
- may have white stools and GI uspet
12
Q
describe upper GI fibroscopy/EGD
A
- direct visualization of esophogeal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa
- NPO previous night @ midnight
- conscious sedation; anesthetic to back of throat (informed consent)
- patient will be sent to PACU and can not drive post procedure
- may have sore throat; discuss use of throat lozenges and soft foods
- assess for return of gag reflex prior to allowing food and fluids
- patient may feel bloated due to air injection during study
13
Q
describe lower GI fluoroscopy
A
- fluouroscopy and xray with barium enema
- examination of colon, look for constipation and GI conditions
14
Q
describe CT
A
- with or without contrast
- allergies to shellfish/iodine?
- NO metformin 48hrs before or after
15
Q
describe colonoscopy
A
- visual exam of anus, rectum and colon
- used to detct and remove polyps (precancer)
- to diagnose or rule out disorders of the colon
- conscious sedation; patient will need ride home after exam
- informed consent
- patient on left side during exam
- NPO midnight prior to exam
- bowel prep to remove all contents from GI
- instill air to open colon; patient may feel bloated and pass gas after exam
