assessment of the endocrine system

Question 1

terminology

acromegaly

Answer 1

progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts resulting from excessive secretion of growth hormone

Question 2

terminology

addisons disease

Answer 2

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function

Question 3

terminology

addisonian crisis

Answer 3

acute adrenocortical insufficiency characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, N/V, and signs of shock

Question 4

terminology

adrenalectomy

Answer 4

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

Question 5

terminology

basal metabolic rate

Answer 5

chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

Question 6

terminology

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 6

group of symtoms produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face”, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

Question 7

terminology

diabetes insipidous

Answer 7

condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deificent production of vasopressin

Question 8

terminology

exophthalmos

Answer 8

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Question 9

terminology

goiter

Answer 9

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 10

terminology

graves disease

Answer 10

a form of hyperthyroidism

characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos

Question 11

terminology

myxedema

Answer 11

severe hypothyroidism

can be with or without coma

Question 12

terminology

negative feedback loop

Answer 12

regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of an organ producing the substance

Question 13

terminology

pheochromocytoma

Answer 13

adrenal medulla tumor

excessive amount of epi and norepi, constant fight or flight

Question 14

terminology

SIADH

Answer 14

excessive secretion of ADH from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

Question 15

terminology

thyroid storm

Answer 15

life threatening condition of the thyroid due to untreated hyperthyroidism

Question 16

what do hormones do

Answer 16

they are chemical messengers
- exert effects on specific tissues: target tissues
- bind to receptor sites on or within target tissue cells

Question 17

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 17

regulate and integrate body functions
- balance metabolism (thyroid)
- reproduction (testes and ovaries)
- water and electrolyte balance (post pituitary)
- nutrient absorption (thyroid)

Question 18

name some glands of the endocrine system

Answer 18

• hypothalamus (receives info from the body and send it to pituitary)
• pituitary (has anterior and posterior, send message to specific glands)
• thyroid (metabolism, energy, HR, contractility, growth and development)
• parathyroid (calcium regulation)
• adrenal (has cortex: sugar, salt, and sex and medulla: epi and norepi)
• liver and pancreas (both endocrine and exocrine)
• kidney (renin, erythropoietin)

Question 19

whats included in the function and regulation of hormones

Answer 19

• reulate organ function
• endocrine system integrated with nervous system
• affect only target cells with specific receptors
• negative feedback loop (secreted on as needed basis)
• trophic effects on target tissues (hypertrophy and atrophy)

Question 20

just read this shit

Answer 20

amines and amino acid derivatives
- act immediately
- epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroif hormones

peptides, polypeptides, proteins, and glycoproteins
- act within seconds/minutes
- TRH, FSH, and GH

steroids
- act in several hours
- corticosteroids

fatty acid derivatives - retinoid (skin)

Question 21

describe the assessment of endocrine system

Answer 21

• health history (energy probs?)
• physical assessment (hair, skin, fluid balance, GI issues, heart, BP)

Question 22

what are some labs to evaluate the encodrine system

Answer 22

look for hormones in blood and urine

Question 23

what are some additional diagnostic studies for the endocrine system

Answer 23

stimulation: stimulate the gland and see if it responds, if they respond it detects hypofunction

suppression: detects hyperfunction