disability and chronic illness Flashcards
definitions
chronic disease
medical/health problem with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long term management
aka noncommunicable disease/chronic conditions/chronic disorders
definitions
chronic illness
perception of living with chronic disease
definitions
cognitive disability
limitations in mental functioning and difficulties with communication, self care, and social skills
definitions
developmental disability
set of disorders characterized by diffuclty in one or more domains
may be cognitive, physical, or both and occur by age 22
definitions
disability
restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a normal manner
definitions
intellectual disability
occurs by age 18, significant limitations in both intellectual and adaptive behavior
definitions
multiple chronic conditions
more than one chronic condition
definitions
noncommunicable disease
conditions not caused by infection or microorganisms
definitions
secondary conditions or disorders
conditions that result from an initial disabling condition
definitions
sensory disability
the impariment of the sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch, or taste
definitions
severe disability
may be defined as severe when the disbility is present and the person is unable to perform one or more activities, uses an assistive device, and needs help from others to accomplish basic activities
definitions
WHO definition of disability
disability is an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions, or envirnmental factors
definitions
US definition of diability
one of these factors:
- physcial or mental impariment that limints one or more major activities
- recorded imparment
- is regarded as having an impairment
what are some reasons for the increase i prevalence of disability
early onset, chronic disorders, severe trauma survivors, obesity, immunizations, lifestyle factors
what populations have a higher prevalence of disability
men under 65
women over 65
name some different types of diabilities
cognitive, developmental, intellectual, sensory, psychiatric, acquired disabilites
name some different models of disabilities
- medical model
- rehab model
- social model
- biopsychosocial function model
- interface model
what model of disability is most aligned with nursing
interface model
wants patients to advance their independence as much as possible and embrace it
name and describe some federal legislation regarding disability
- rehabilitation act of 1973: protects people from discrimination
- the ADA of 1990: mandates access to jobs and community
- ADA amendments act 2008: defines disability to encompass impairments that limit major life activity
describe what the United nations convention on the rights of person with disabilities did
- right to receive highest standards of care without discrimination
- interacting and communicating with people who have disabilities
what are some barriers to health care
- structural (physcial things)
- lack of access to info, transportation, finances, difficulty finding knowledgeable HCP, previous negative encounters, dependency on caregivers, and demands of coping with disability
- cost of care
- rural settings
- race, gender, and type of disability
name some federal assistance programs
- medicare
- title II of the social security disability insurance (SSDI)
- title XVI
- medicaid
describe medicare
federal health insurance to those 65 or older, have permanent kidney injury, and/or have qualified disability
describe title II of the SSDI
benefits those who meet the criteria for disability who have worked 40 quarters of covered employment who paid social security taxes
goes to people who are disable since childhood, under 22 years of age who are dependent on a parent with a disability or are dependent on a parent who recently died
describe title XVI
provides supplemental social security income to people who are disabled and have limited income and resources
describe medicaid
state and federal assistance program for low income families to provide medical care or medical insurance and to anyone with a disability
whats included in nursing care of patients with disabilities
- nursing considerations during hospitalization (nurse needs to determine needs of the patient)
- health promotion and prevention
- significance of “people first” language
- gerontologic considerations (physical/financial/anutonomy issue)
- disability in med-surg practice
- home, community-based, and transitional care
describe chronic disease
- noncommunicable
- chronic conditions
- chronic disorders
- long term health conditions
- may function independently or need advanced technology
describe multiple chronic conditions and what goes aling with it
- requires multiple healthcare specialists, dificult healthcare regimen, and numerous meds at a high cost that accounts for approximately 80% of our med costs in the U.S.
- risks
- patient/family education
- higher costs
describe health disparity
preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experience by multiple factors like poverty, envirnmental threats, inadequate access to healthcare, individual/behavioral factors and educational inequalities
what are some risk factors for chronic disease
- hypertension
- overweight/obesity
- lack of physical activity
- poor nutrition
- smoking/tobacco use
- excessive alcohol consumption
- poor socioeconomic status
what are some characteristics of chronic conditions
- psychological/social issues
- phases of the illness
- therapeutic regimens
- development of other conditions
- family life/home life
- self management
- healthcare costs/loss of income
- ethical issues
- living with uncertainty
what are some implications of chronic disease
- efforts to prevent
- changes in lifestyle
- focus shifts
- affects primarily patient/family
- development of multiple chronic conditions
- challenges
what are some veterans considerations for chronic disease
- gulf war illness (GW)
- chronic multisystem illness (CMI)
describe gulf war illness (GWI)
chronic syndrome r/t terrorist attack
symptoms include fatigue, depression, altered cognition, and musculoskeletal changes
describe chronic multisystem illness (CMI)
set of nonspecific symptoms that range from moderate to severe
may be a consequence of exposure to biologic and chemical toxins
describe the trajectory model of chronic illness
- trajectory = the path of course that the chronic illness follows
- nine phases
- may not go through all nine phases
- may move back and forth through phases
name some gerontologic considerations for chronic disease
- increased number or older adults with MCC
- cost of healthcare 3-5x higher for the elderly
whats including in nursing care of patients with chronic conditions
- various settings
- management by patient/family
- dealing with the whole person
- patient education
- quality of ife varies
