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disability and chronic illness Flashcards

1
Q

definitions

chronic disease

A

medical/health problem with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long term management

aka noncommunicable disease/chronic conditions/chronic disorders

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2
Q

definitions

chronic illness

A

perception of living with chronic disease

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3
Q

definitions

cognitive disability

A

limitations in mental functioning and difficulties with communication, self care, and social skills

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4
Q

definitions

developmental disability

A

set of disorders characterized by diffuclty in one or more domains

may be cognitive, physical, or both and occur by age 22

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5
Q

definitions

disability

A

restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a normal manner

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6
Q

definitions

intellectual disability

A

occurs by age 18, significant limitations in both intellectual and adaptive behavior

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7
Q

definitions

multiple chronic conditions

A

more than one chronic condition

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8
Q

definitions

noncommunicable disease

A

conditions not caused by infection or microorganisms

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9
Q

definitions

secondary conditions or disorders

A

conditions that result from an initial disabling condition

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10
Q

definitions

sensory disability

A

the impariment of the sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch, or taste

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11
Q

definitions

severe disability

A

may be defined as severe when the disbility is present and the person is unable to perform one or more activities, uses an assistive device, and needs help from others to accomplish basic activities

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12
Q

definitions

WHO definition of disability

A

disability is an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions, or envirnmental factors

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13
Q

definitions

US definition of diability

A

one of these factors:
- physcial or mental impariment that limints one or more major activities
- recorded imparment
- is regarded as having an impairment

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14
Q

what are some reasons for the increase i prevalence of disability

A

early onset, chronic disorders, severe trauma survivors, obesity, immunizations, lifestyle factors

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15
Q

what populations have a higher prevalence of disability

A

men under 65
women over 65

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16
Q

name some different types of diabilities

A

cognitive, developmental, intellectual, sensory, psychiatric, acquired disabilites

17
Q

name some different models of disabilities

A
  • medical model
  • rehab model
  • social model
  • biopsychosocial function model
  • interface model
18
Q

what model of disability is most aligned with nursing

A

interface model

wants patients to advance their independence as much as possible and embrace it

19
Q

name and describe some federal legislation regarding disability

A
  • rehabilitation act of 1973: protects people from discrimination
  • the ADA of 1990: mandates access to jobs and community
  • ADA amendments act 2008: defines disability to encompass impairments that limit major life activity
20
Q

describe what the United nations convention on the rights of person with disabilities did

A
  • right to receive highest standards of care without discrimination
  • interacting and communicating with people who have disabilities
21
Q

what are some barriers to health care

A
  • structural (physcial things)
  • lack of access to info, transportation, finances, difficulty finding knowledgeable HCP, previous negative encounters, dependency on caregivers, and demands of coping with disability
  • cost of care
  • rural settings
  • race, gender, and type of disability
22
Q

name some federal assistance programs

A
  • medicare
  • title II of the social security disability insurance (SSDI)
  • title XVI
  • medicaid
23
Q

describe medicare

A

federal health insurance to those 65 or older, have permanent kidney injury, and/or have qualified disability

24
Q

describe title II of the SSDI

A

benefits those who meet the criteria for disability who have worked 40 quarters of covered employment who paid social security taxes

goes to people who are disable since childhood, under 22 years of age who are dependent on a parent with a disability or are dependent on a parent who recently died

25
Q

describe title XVI

A

provides supplemental social security income to people who are disabled and have limited income and resources

26
Q

describe medicaid

A

state and federal assistance program for low income families to provide medical care or medical insurance and to anyone with a disability

27
Q

whats included in nursing care of patients with disabilities

A
  • nursing considerations during hospitalization (nurse needs to determine needs of the patient)
  • health promotion and prevention
  • significance of “people first” language
  • gerontologic considerations (physical/financial/anutonomy issue)
  • disability in med-surg practice
  • home, community-based, and transitional care
28
Q

describe chronic disease

A
  • noncommunicable
  • chronic conditions
  • chronic disorders
  • long term health conditions
  • may function independently or need advanced technology
29
Q

describe multiple chronic conditions and what goes aling with it

A
  • requires multiple healthcare specialists, dificult healthcare regimen, and numerous meds at a high cost that accounts for approximately 80% of our med costs in the U.S.
  • risks
  • patient/family education
  • higher costs
30
Q

describe health disparity

A

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experience by multiple factors like poverty, envirnmental threats, inadequate access to healthcare, individual/behavioral factors and educational inequalities

31
Q

what are some risk factors for chronic disease

A
  • hypertension
  • overweight/obesity
  • lack of physical activity
  • poor nutrition
  • smoking/tobacco use
  • excessive alcohol consumption
  • poor socioeconomic status
32
Q

what are some characteristics of chronic conditions

A
  • psychological/social issues
  • phases of the illness
  • therapeutic regimens
  • development of other conditions
  • family life/home life
  • self management
  • healthcare costs/loss of income
  • ethical issues
  • living with uncertainty
33
Q

what are some implications of chronic disease

A
  • efforts to prevent
  • changes in lifestyle
  • focus shifts
  • affects primarily patient/family
  • development of multiple chronic conditions
  • challenges
34
Q

what are some veterans considerations for chronic disease

A
  • gulf war illness (GW)
  • chronic multisystem illness (CMI)
35
Q

describe gulf war illness (GWI)

A

chronic syndrome r/t terrorist attack

symptoms include fatigue, depression, altered cognition, and musculoskeletal changes

36
Q

describe chronic multisystem illness (CMI)

A

set of nonspecific symptoms that range from moderate to severe

may be a consequence of exposure to biologic and chemical toxins

37
Q

describe the trajectory model of chronic illness

A
  • trajectory = the path of course that the chronic illness follows
  • nine phases
  • may not go through all nine phases
  • may move back and forth through phases
38
Q

name some gerontologic considerations for chronic disease

A
  • increased number or older adults with MCC
  • cost of healthcare 3-5x higher for the elderly
39
Q

whats including in nursing care of patients with chronic conditions

A
  • various settings
  • management by patient/family
  • dealing with the whole person
  • patient education
  • quality of ife varies

adults (51 decks)

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