Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

adults > assessment of resp function > Flashcards

assessment of resp function Flashcards

1
Q

A+P overview

what is included in the upper resp tract

A
  • nose
  • paranasal sinsuses
  • pharynx, tonsils, and adenoids
  • larynx
  • trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A+P overview

what is the function of the upper resp tract

A

warms and filters inspired air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A+P overview

what is included in the lower resp tract

A

lungs
- pleura
- mediastinum
- brinchi/bronchioles
- alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A+P overview

what is the function of the lower resp tract

A

responsible for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the nose do

A

filters impurities and humidifies and warms the air as it is inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the four paranasal sinuses

and what is their function

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • maxillary

a prominant function is to serve as a resonating chamber in speech and they are a common site for infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do the pharynx, tonsils, and adenoids do

A

important links in the chain of lymph nodes gaurding the body from invasion by organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the larynx do

A

altough the major function is vocalization, it also protects the lower airway from foreign substances and facilitates coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the trachea do

A

serves as the passage between the larynx and the right and left main stem bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many lobes does each lung have

A

right has 3 and left has 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the pleura

A
  • serous membrane that lines the lungs
  • the visceral pleura covers the lungs and parietal lines the thoracic cavity
  • surfactant is in between to help lubricate and prevent rubbing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

chest cavity that houses the lungs, heart, thymus, thymus, aorta, and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe bronchi

A

2 large airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the bronchioles

A

smaller branches off of the bronchi that extend throughout the lung. they contain mucus and are lined with cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do alveoli do

A

they are the site of gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name and describe the 3 types of alveoli

A
  • type 1: account for 95% of the alveolar surface are
  • type 2: accout for the other 5% and produce type 1 and surfactant
  • type 3: alveolar macrophages which ingest foreign materials we breathe in, work as defense mechanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe oxygen transport

A

oxygen is supplied to, and carbon dioxide is removed from, cells by the way of circulating blood through the thin walls of the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe respiration

A
  • takes place at the cellular level
  • gas exchange between atmospheric air and the blood and bewteen the blood and cells of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what may alter ventilation

A

asthma, COPD, bronchitis, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe pulmonary diffusion

A

exchange of gas molecules fromareas of high concentration to areas of low concentration at the air-blood interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe pulmonary perfusion

A
  • blood flow through the lungs
  • altered by changes in pressure and gravity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ventailation and ____ must match

A

perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is used to measure ventilation and perfusion balance/imbalance

A

VQ scan

used for suspected pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how is gas exchange measured

A

measured with ABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which diffuses easier? co2 or o2

A

co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

describe carbon dioxide transport

A

at the same time o2 diffuses from the blood into the tissues, co2 diffuses from the tissues to the blood and is transported to the lungs for excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

neurologic respiratory control

mechanisms work to…

A

match CO2 removal and supply of O2 for metabolic needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what parts of the CNS work for neurologic respiratory control

A

medulla and pons

which are in the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how does the phrenic nerve in the CNS work for neurologic respiratory control

A

excites muscles to keep breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

are there multiple respiratory centers in the brain?

A

yep

32
Q

what do chemoreceptors respond to

A

pH changes

responds to blood being alkalytic or acidotic

33
Q

whats involved in peripheral control of neurologic respiratory control

A
  • chemoreceptors respod to pH changes
  • mechanoreceptors
  • proprioreceptors
  • baroreceptors
34
Q

what do mechanoreceptors do

A
  • act in lungs
  • detect stretch and foreign stuff
35
Q

what do proprioceptors do

A
  • located in the muscles and chest wall
  • respond to body movements
36
Q

what do barorreceptors do

A
  • in aortic arch and carotid arteries
  • respond to increase and decrease in arterial blood pressure
37
Q

what are some gerontologic considerations

A
  • gradual decline in respiratory function in mid adulthood
  • vital capacity changes
  • strength of respiratory muscles decrease
  • alveolar changes
  • loss of chest wall mobility
  • increased dead space
  • decreased diffusion capacity
  • decreased ability to rapidly move air in and out of lungs
38
Q

what alveolar changes occur with older adulthood

A

decreased surfae area and loss of elasticity

39
Q

what health history is included in assessment of the respiratory system

A
  • common symptoms
  • past health history
  • social history
  • family history
40
Q

what are some common respiratory symptoms assessed

A
  • dyspnea
  • cough (productive or nonproductive)
  • sputum assessment
  • chest pain
  • wheezing
  • hemoptysis
41
Q

what past health history may be included in respiratory assessment

A
  • smoking
  • cystic fibrosis
  • bronchitis
  • occupational exposures
  • childhood illnesses
  • immunizations
  • injuries
  • allergies
42
Q

what social history may be included in respiratory assessment

A
  • occupational
  • living environment
  • smoking
43
Q

what family history may be included in respiratory assessment

A
  • lung CA
  • exposure to TB
  • resp issues
44
Q

whats included in the physical assessment of resp system

A

clubbing, cyanosis, dusky appearance

45
Q

what are some findings that may occur in physical assessment of upper resp structures

A
  • broken nose
  • deviated septum
46
Q

what are some findings that may occur in physical assessment of lower resp structures and breathing

A
  • positioning
  • barrel chest
  • funnel chest (depressed chest bone)
  • pigeon chest (upper chest flares out)
  • breathign pattern
  • rr
  • using accessory muscles to breathe
47
Q

what is dead space

A
  • portion of the lung that does not participate in gas exchange
  • decreases volume of lungs
48
Q

what are some indications of respiratory problems

A
  • tachypnea (or bradypnea)
  • PaO2/FIO2 ratio
  • abnormal chest xray
  • restlessness/anxiety
  • dyspnea
  • tachycardia
49
Q

name some different diagnostic evaluation tests for the respiratory system

A
  • pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
  • arterial blood gases (ABGs)
  • venous blood gases (VBGs)
  • pulse oximetry
  • end-tidal carbon dioxide
  • cultures/sputum studies
  • imaging
  • endoscopic procedures
  • biopsy
50
Q

describe pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A
  • routinely used in patients with chronic respiratory disorders
  • performed to assess respiratory function and determine the extent of dysfunction
  • also used prior to surgery to screen
51
Q

describe ABGs

A

measures gas exchange at cellular level

52
Q

describe VBGs

A

reflect the value between the amount of oxygen used by tissues and the amount returning to the right side of the heart

53
Q

describe pulse oximetry

A

measures O2 saturation of tissues

54
Q

describe end-tidal carbon dioxide

A
  • noninvasive
  • measures CO2 and end exhalation
55
Q

describe cultures

A

identify pathogens responsible for respiratory infections

56
Q

describe sputum studies

A
  • require a deep specimen
  • do it before getting antibiotics
57
Q

what kind of imaging may be used to assess the respiratory system

A
  • chest xray
  • CT
  • MRI
  • fluoroscopy
  • pulmonary angiography
58
Q

describe nursing interventions for CT

A

with contrast? -> check kidney function and allergies and any med incompatibilites

59
Q

whats required before plmonary angiography

A
  • informed consent
  • coagulation studies
  • allergies
  • renal function tests
  • NPO 6-8hrs
60
Q

what is required after pulmonary angiography

A
  • monitor site
  • check distal pulses
  • monitor skin color and temp
  • VS
  • LOC
61
Q

what is required for MRI

A

ask questions about metal
-open heart surgery
-pacemaker
-prosthetics/replacements

62
Q

what are some endoscopic procedures used for the respiratory system

A
  • bronchoscopy
  • thoracoscopy
63
Q

describe thoracoscopy

A
  • goes through the ribs
  • looking at thoracic cavity
  • requires informed consent, NPO, respiratory status, presence of infection?
  • after: usually replaced with chest tube
64
Q

describe bronchoscopy

A
  • NPO before, informed consent
  • possibly premedicate or give prophylactic antibiotics
  • remove dentures and partial plates
  • numb throat
  • NPO until gag reflex returns
  • no hot liquids for 24 hours after
65
Q

what may happen after a biopsy of resp system

A
  • pain
  • coughing up blood
66
Q

decreased ventilation leads to…

A

increased CO2 and resp acidosis

may be caused by narcotics or anesthesia

causes lethargy, flushed appearance, hot with no fever, severe HA, narcosis

67
Q

increased ventilation leads to…

A

decreased CO2 and resp alkalosis

may be caused by hyperventilation and anxiety

causes increased neuromuscular irritation and heart arryhtmias

68
Q

describe hypoxia

A

descreased oxygen supply to cells and tissues

may lead to change in mental status, tachycardia, diaphoresis, HTN, dusky color

69
Q

what are the 4 types of hypoxia

A
  • hypoxemia
  • circulatory
  • anemia
  • histotoxic
70
Q

describe hypoxemia

A

decreased O2 in blood

71
Q

describe circulatory hypoxia

A

inadequate capillary circulation

72
Q

describe anemic hypoxia

A

lack of Hgb to carry O2

73
Q

describe histotoxic hypoxia

A

poisoning interfering with tissues ability to use O2

may be seen with nitroprusside

74
Q

normal range for pH

A

7.35-7.45

75
Q

normal range for CO2

A

35-45

76
Q

normal range for HCO3

A

22-26

adults (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions