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adults > burns > Flashcards

burns Flashcards

1
Q

whats the most frequent age group to have burns

A

20-30

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2
Q

describe education on burn prevention

A
  • high risk behaviors should be avoided (alcohol/drug abuse/smoking)
  • smoke detectors/CO monitors/fire extinguishers
  • keeo matches and lights out of reach of children
  • avoid extension cords/electric cords under rugs
  • home exit plan/drill
  • community education
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3
Q

whats the leading cause of fire death in the US

A

smoking

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4
Q

hoe can age effect burn severity

A

young/old ppl have less fat tissue, more burn damage

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5
Q

describe first degree burns

A
  • top layer of skin - epidermis
  • common burns like sunburn
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6
Q

descrbe second degree burns

A
  • epidermis and part of dermis
  • blistering, edema, 2-3wks healing period
  • permanent scarring/pigment change
  • flash flame/scold, usually associated with cooking
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7
Q

describe third degree burns

A
  • full thickness = epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
  • fluid loss
  • cell destruction, swelling
  • white/leathery skin, eschar/slough
  • long recovery, skin grafts
  • some loss of movement and function
  • not much pain r/t loss of nerve function
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8
Q

describe fourth degree burns

A
  • full thickness with deep tissue/muscle/bone involved
  • can occur from electrical shock
  • high risk of shock
  • skin turns black/charred
  • amputation likely
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9
Q

what are some methods to determine the extent of body surface area affected by the burn

A
  • rule of nines (commonly used in adults, good for field)
  • lund and browder method (super specific)
  • palmer method (size of pts hand and counts it as 1%)
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10
Q

describe burn injury

A

result of chemical injury or heat transfer from one site to another, causing tissue destruction

mechanisms of burns:
- heat
- chemicals
- radiation
- thermal
- inhalation

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11
Q

what are the three zones of a burn

A
  • zone of coagulation
  • zone of stasis
  • zone of hyperemia
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12
Q

describe zone of coagulation

A

central area of burn

most damage, cells are dying here

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13
Q

describe zone of stasis

A

surrounding zone

tissue might live or might die

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14
Q

describe zone of hyperemia

A

outermost

tissue will probs fully recover

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15
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of burns

A
  • CV alterations (decreased CO, hypovolemia, shock, increased vascular permeability, third spacing)
  • fluid and electrolyte imbalance
  • alterations in resps
  • kidney alterations
  • immunologic alterations
  • thermoregulatory alterations
  • GI alterations (digestion issues)
  • pain responses
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16
Q

describe the prolonged hospital lengths of stay r/t burns

A
  • multiple surgical interventions
  • extensive pain control
  • immobilization
  • rehabilitation
  • prolonged IV meds
  • increased risk for morbidity and mortality
17
Q

what are the three treatment phases of burns

A
  • emergent/resuscitative phase
  • acute/intermediate phase
  • rehabilitation phase
18
Q

describe on scene of emergent/resuscitative phase

A
  • remove patient from source/stop burning process
  • establish airway/supply oxygen
  • insert large bore IV line
  • cover wounds with clean dry cloth/gauze
  • is chemical, irrigate wound continuously
19
Q

what are the top priorities for the emergent/resuscitative phase

A
  • prevention of shock
  • prevention of resp distress
20
Q

describe the duration of emergent/resuscitative phase

A

from onset of injury to completion of fluid resuscitation (0-48hrs)

21
Q

what are priorities in the acute/intermediate phase

A
  • wound care and closure (wound debridement and grafting)
  • prevention or treatment of complications/infection
  • nutritional support
  • pain management
22
Q

describe the duration of the acute/intermediate phase

A

from beginning of diuresis to near completion of wound closure

23
Q

donor site for skin grafting should be kept…

A

clean, moist, and covered

usually take 2wks to heal

24
Q

what are some priorities for the rehabilitation phase

A
  • prevention and treatment of scars and contractures
  • different types of rehabs
  • functional and cosmetic reconstruction
  • psychosocial counseling
25
Q

describe the duration of the rehabilitation phase

A

from major wound closure to return to an individuals optimal level of physical and psychosocial adjustment

26
Q

which degree of burn would you find skin that is white, charred, and leathery?

A

third

27
Q

what is out main focus in the emergent phase of burn recovery?

1) returning normal function
2) surgical closure of the wound
3) fluid volume management
4) preventing contractures

A

fluid volume management

adults (51 decks)

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