coronary artery disease Flashcards

1
Q

whats happening with coronary artery disease

A
  • arterial damage
  • cholesterol/fats/lipids infiltrate
  • atheroma
  • block/narrow arterial wall
  • palque rupture
  • blood clot/cholesterol embolus
  • blockage of coronary vessels (MI)
  • blockage of cerebral vessels (CVA)
  • permanent damage (atherosclerosis, arteriostenosis)
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2
Q

whats an atheroma

A
  • big buildup over the plaque in an artery
  • if it breaks, build up escapes and clot forms, and can cause MI or stroke
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3
Q

what are some causes of coronary artery disease?

A
  • hyperlipidemia
  • HTN
  • smoking
  • DM
  • sedentary lifestyle; obesity
  • genetic predisposition
  • metabolic syndrome
  • other shit
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4
Q

name some different types of angina

A
  • stable
  • unstable
  • intractable/refractory
  • variant/prinzmetals
  • silent ischemia
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5
Q

describe stable angina

A

predictable, goes away with rest

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6
Q

describe unstable angina

A

unpredictable, dont know when it will come or go

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7
Q

describe intractable/refractory angina

A

wont go away

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8
Q

describe MI presentation

A
  • back/shoulder/jaw/ arm pain
  • N/v, indigestion
  • general malaise/SOB/dizzy
  • diaphoresis
  • CP
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9
Q

hwo will a CAD patient present

A
  • angina
  • activity intolerance
  • MI
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10
Q

what are some labs and diagnostics for CAD

A
  • CBC, BMP
  • troponin (serial/high sensitivity)
  • D-dimer
  • EKG
  • echo
  • stress test
  • coronary angiogram
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11
Q

what does troponin indicate

A

heart damage

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12
Q

what does D-dimer indicate

A
  • r/o blood clot
  • picks up breakdown of clots

if its positive, conform with CTA

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13
Q

what is coronary angiogram

A
  • 30-45minutes
  • dye insertion, may feel warm and like you pissed yourself
  • 3hr recovery time
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14
Q

what meds may be used for CAD

A
  • statins (atorvastatin)
  • aspirin (baby)
  • beta blockers (metoprolol)
  • calcium channel blockers (diltiazem)
  • nitroglycerin (nitro-stat/nitro bid)
  • ACE-I (lisinopril)
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15
Q

what do statins do

A

decrease lipids

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16
Q

what does baby aspirin do

A

reduces risk of clot formation

17
Q

what do beta blockers do for CAD

A

protects the heart and slows it down

18
Q

what do clacium channel blockers do for CAD

A

vasodilate and improve blood flow

19
Q

what does nitroglycerin dor for CAD and describe administration

A
  • potent vasodilator for angina
  • given sublingual, give 3x 5min apart
  • check blood pressure and HR before
  • what to expect: burning and headache
  • can aslp be given transdermal, which is long lasting (nitrobid)
20
Q

what do ACE-Is do for CAD

A

prevent vasoconstriction

21
Q

what are some acute interventions for acute coronary syndrome

A
  • line/labs
  • EKG
  • ntro/baby aspirin 324mg/heparin
  • CXR
  • cardiac monitor
  • possible cardiac catheterization: stent/balloon
22
Q

what are some complications of CAD

A
  • MI (NSTEMI/STEMI)
  • HF
  • arrhythmias
  • CVA (hemorrhagic, ischemic)
  • death
23
Q

what are some nursing considerations for coronary artery disease

A
  • quit smoking
  • med compliance (HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM)
  • monitor diet (low fat and sodium)
  • monitor weight
  • reduce stress