streaming - internal factors Flashcards
what are internal factors
processes within school
examples of internal factors
- quality of education
-organisation of education - way w/c pupils are treated by teachers
what did Becker argue
that when a LABEL is applied to someone , it can INFLUENCE THEIR SELF-CONCEPT and becomes their master status , this can SHAPE HOW THEY GO ON TO BEHAVE
shape how they can go on to behave , the label results in the behaviour predicted by the teacher
self fulfilling prophecy
master status
their identity
what do interactionists focus on
focuses on how pupils and teachers react to one another - these interactions hold the key to understanding educational achievement
what did Hargreaves et al find
that factors such as appearance , how they respond to discipline , how likeable they are , wherever they are deviant leads to teacher labelling students as ‘good’ or ‘bad’
what are labels associated with
class - w/c pupils more likely to fit the stereotype of the ‘bad’ student (disruptive , deviant , lazy)
what happens once the student has a label
teachers tend to interpret that pupil’s behaviour in terms of the label , and the pupil tends to live up to the label they are given
how can the self-fulfilling approach be criticised
deterministic , labelling does not always lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
eg FULLER found that black working class girls who were labelled as failures responde to working harder to achieve success
streaming
splitting pupils into groups based on their ability , streams remain the same for all subjects
- different to setting where pupils might be in different sets for different subjects
what does dividing students by ability level do
create/reinforces labels and has significant effects on their achievement
educational triage
categorising pupils into
-those who will pass without much input
-borderline cases who could pass with help
- hopeless cases
Schools focus most of their resources on helping the middle group to attain C grades.
They linked this with the pressure on schools to maintain their position on league tables and the published A*-C rate.
what happens to hopeless cases
Hopeless cases denied chance to sit higher tier exams, meaning they couldn’t get GCSEs above a C grade
what did BALL study
the impact of streaming in a comprehensive school
what did BALL’s study show
w/c students more likely to be placed in lower bands than m/c pupils even when their measured ability at primary school is the same
what happened to the behaviour of pupils in lower bands once they started secondary school
deteriorated quickly
- teachers had low expectations of the lower bands
what did KEDDIE observe
classes from different streams studying humanities subjects in a London school
- in lower streams their questions were often seen as an attempt to disrupt the class , often dismissed or ignored
what is the negative aspects of concentrating on processes within schools
interactionists fail to explain where wider class inequalities come from
-ignore/downplay factors outside of school such as inequality in access to successful schools
Pupils who have been labelled or find themselves in the lowest sets are
also likely to
form anti-school subcultures
Hargreaves
- studied streams in a secondary school
- found that students in lower streams labelled as troublemakers rebelled against the values of the school.
- They developed a non-conformist delinquent subculture in which getting in trouble was valued by their peers, doing HW and conforming were looked down upon
Willis
studied the ‘lads’. A group of working class boys who
were disruptive, misbehaved and had a very negative attitude
to education
Willi’s - what did the lads have
an anti-school subculture - they saw little point in
school work as they were going to take manual labouring
jobs
willis - streaming and labelling
argued that streaming and labelling made
little difference
