educational policies Flashcards

Question

What is a key criticism of the league tables in education?

Answer 1

They can promote competition over collaboration among schools.

Answer 2

B) Free to attend

Answer 3

Disparities in education quality and access based on socio-economic status, location, or ethnicity.

Answer 4

all children in England between the ages of 5and 16 are entitled to a free place at a state school

Answer 5

Thatcher’s Conservative Government. Thatcher, however, largely takes a New-Right perspective

Answer 6

Defining what is taught, including the National Curriculum, assessment frameworks, and qualifications

Answer 7

Policies to ensure education is available to all, addressing issues like socioeconomic disparities and special educational needs.

Answer 8

Allocation of public funds and resources to schools, colleges, and universities.

Answer 9

Standards and policies for teacher qualifications, recruitment, and professional development.

Answer 10

Frameworks for school inspections, league tables, and monitoring educational outcomes

Answer 11

Policies for universities, apprenticeships, and vocational training to align education with economic needs

Answer 12

introduced by Thatcher's conservative government , however she largely takes a new right perspective

Answer 13

- to reduce free market principles (more competition) into ed sys to introduce greater parental choice and control over state ed - raising standards in ed ( aims associated with neoliberalism and the new right)

Answer 14

- MARKETISATION AND PARENTOCRACY - LEAGUE TABLES - OFSTED - to regulate and inspect schools - NATIONAL CURRICULUM - so that all schools are teach

Answer 15

schools compete for pupils' , parents are like consumers

Answer 16

so parents can see how well schools are doing and make a choice

Answer 17

to regulate and inspect schools

Answer 18

- to introduce free market principles (↑ competition) into the ed sys to introduce greater parental choice and control over state education - ↑ standards in education ( aims associated w neoliberalism and the new right)

Answer 19

- marketisation and parentocracy - league tables - OFTSED - National curriculum - Formula funding

Answer 20

schools compete for pupil's parents , which are like consumers

Answer 21

so parents can see how well schools are doing and make a choice

Answer 22

- to regulate and inspect schools - introduced by the act - all state funded schools (primary , secondary and sixth forms) inspected under the same framework and are judged from "outstanding" to "inadequate" - schools usually given a day's notice before an inspection (extreme cases - 15 mins) - schools rated as "requires improvement" or below (even good) face repetitional damage

Answer 23

so that all schools are teaching the same basic subjects

Answer 24

based on numbers of pupils , which encourages schools to raise standards to increase demand

Answer 25

- selection by mortgage (house prices in catchment areas of best schools increased , pricing out poorer parents) - cream skimming (best schools tended to select best students - predominantly middle class) - marketisation has reproduced inequalities

Answer 26

middle class parents are better placed to take advantage of the available choices

Answer 27

- Marketisation has reproduced inequalities because, for example, middle-class parents are better placed to take advantage of the available choices - examined how marketisation reproduces these through league tables and the funding formula.

Answer 28

competition and selection

Answer 29

- argues the marketisation leads to popular schools cream skimming: schools selecting higher ability pupils who gain the best results and cost less to teach Silt Shifting: schools off-loading pupils with learning difficulties who get poorer results and cost more to teach

Answer 30

the A-to-C economy

Answer 31

* Schools are under pressure to stream and select pupils who will achieve a good league table position to attract funding. * League tables generates a “A-C economy”. Schools ration their time, effort and resources, concentrating on pupils perceived at having 5 A-C target. * Referred to as the “Educational Triage”.

Answer 32

parentocracy

Answer 33

believes that we have an appearance of parentocracy as it seems to give parents free choice, however middle-class parents have more economic and cultural capital and can therefore take advantage of the choices. For example, moving to be closer to a more desirable school

Answer 34

privileged school chooser

Answer 35

* Professional Middle Class parents used their cultural and economic capital to gain education capital for children * Take full advantages to the choices open to them as they are confident and well educated. * Cultural capital- knew how the admission system works and had time to visit schools and the skills to research the options available to them. * Economic capital- could afford to move their children around the education system to get the best deal e.g. paying travel costs

Answer 36

* Working class parents with lack of cultural and economic capital find it difficult to understand admission procedures * Less confident and less aware of choices available to them * Less able to manipulate the system to suit them * More interested in safety and quality of the schools facilities rather than achievement and ambitions * Distance and cost of travel are major restrictions- nearest school often most realistic

Answer 37

semi-skilled chooser

Answer 38

* Mainly working class * Ambitious for their children * Lacked cultural capital and found the market difficult and often rely on other people's opinions. * Frustrated with inability to place child where they wanted

Answer 39

* To respond to increased competition due to globalisation * Raising standards * Equality of opportunity * Increasing choice and diversity

Answer 40

* Reduced infant classes to a maximum of 30. * Introduced numeracy and literacy hour in primary schools. * Allowed the creation of faith schools and specialist status schools and Sure Start. * Set up Education Action Zones to help in areas of deprivation. * Early academies increased standards in poor areas a lot

Answer 41

Introduced by Tony Blair’s Labour Government - Tackling educational underachievement within disadvantaged communities. - Set up to improve underperforming schools in deprived areas and raise educational standards of disadvantaged pupils - Charities and corporations are involved in education and are able to operate schools

Answer 42

By 2012, over half of secondary schools converted to academies- fastest growing type of school

Answer 43

disadvantaged areas and the coalition government then allowed any school to become an academy (2010) and removed the focus on reducing inequality. Academies which have converted are known as academy converter (which are usually not sponsored by any corporation)

Answer 44

* Large academy chains criticised for : - way they operate their schools- with results being more of a priority than student welfare. - lack of accountability and transparency within the local community - operated within a top down approach rather than by the community. - high staff turnover. This means that the pupils within its schools are unable to form strong relationships with their teachers. - Questionable to how funds are spent, for example on “Executive Principals” with high salaries. - A number of schools have been forced to become academies against their wishes.

Answer 45

Sally Tomlinson: argues that the middle-classes have benefited from New Labour's policies and that the focus on exam performance has limited the educational experience of many pupils.

Answer 46

* Schools now compete with each other. (1 mark). * For example, schools are encouraged to improve their exam results and gain good Ofsted ratings in order to gain a good place in league tables. (1 mark) * Private corporations are now more involved in education. (1 mark) * For example, sponsored academies mean that private companies such as Ark have more control over the delivery of schooling. (1 mark)

Answer 47

3 types of secondary schools: - grammar - secondary modern - technical

Answer 48

to find out which type of secondary school (grammar/2ry modern/technical) you go to pass = grammar/technical fail = secondary modern

Answer 49

local schools which do not select pupils on basis of academic ability

Answer 50

abolished tripartite system and encouraged development of comprehensive schools

Answer 51

schools could apply to be specialist schools, to do so they had to get private sponsorship which was matched by the government (£50,000) Allowed to select 10% of pupils who showed aptitude in specialism

Answer 52

- Number of targets increased and had to publish in league tables - Pupil achievement, OFSTED rating, truancy (absence) rates - Value added = difference between level of achievement at SATs and GCSEs

Answer 53

Introduced, state funded by government Sponsored by organisation to oversee running of school e.g. business, charity, faith group Can set own admissions policy and own curriculum

Answer 54

- Paid to students 16-19 from lower income families - Given if students attended all lessons and met targets £30 a week

Answer 55

Children's centre delivering services to children under 5 and families raising parental aspiration, health, high quality childcare

Answer 56

competition and choice was seen as key to improving educational standards

Answer 57

* meant that competition and choice was seen as the key way to improve educational standards. *However Tomlinson points out that the middle class has gained most from these policies. *They were best placed to ensure their children attended the best performing schools * The focus on exams and league tables meant that education had become about ‘exam technique and rote learning’.

Answer 58

- resulted in directing resources towards deprived groups and areas - the gender gap remained large and continuing levels of child poverty meant that education could not compensate for the effects of low income on the educational performance of lower classes

Answer 59

suggests there were overall increases in the proportion of students getting 5 or more GCSEs at grade C and improvements in achievement for some ethnic minorities.