cycle test 2

Question 1

cultural deprivation

Answer 1

refers to the lack of cultural resources eg education , knowledge and cultural capital , which hinder an individual’s ability to succeed in humanity

Question 2

what is the cultural capital used to explain

Answer 2

educational underachievement among working-class children

Question 3

cultural deprivation : inferior norms and values

Answer 3

w/c families may transmit norms and values that do not align with those of the education system
- eg lack of emphasis on the importance of education and preference for immediate gratification over long term goals

Question 4

cultural deprivation : language skills

Answer 4

wc children are more likely to use a restricted speech code , which is less complex and less suited to the demands of the education system compared to the elaborated speech code used by mc children

Question 5

what did BAIL BERNSTEIN argue

Answer 5

ELABORATE + RESTRICTED CODE
- SPEECH CODES ARE WHAT LEAD TO DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
that working class children are more likely to use a restricted speech code which is less complex and less suited to the demands of the educational system , m/c use elaborated code = wider vocabulary , more complex , longer sentences and is analytical

Question 6

cultural deprivation : PARENTAL ATTITUDES

Answer 6

wc parents may show less interest in their children’s education and less able to help with homework
- negatively impacts their academic performance

Question 7

cultural deprivation : FATALISM

Answer 7

the belief that one cannot change their status in life which can lead to a lack of motivation to succeed academically

Question 8

what did BARRY SUGARMAN argue

Answer 8

that wc culture tends to favor immediate gratification rather than working toward long-term rewards , lead to lower educational attainment

Question 9

who introduced the concept of cultural capital

Answer 9

PIERRE BORDEAU

Question 10

what is cultural capital

Answer 10

the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility beyond economic means

Question 11

Cultural factors and educational achievement : PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND EXPECTATIONS

Answer 11

greatly impact educational outcomes , high expectations and a supportive hime = better academic performance

Question 12

Cultural factors and educational achievement : LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Answer 12

affects students’ ability to understand and engage with the curriculum
- children from homes where the language spoken is different to the language of instruction might face additional challenges

Question 13

Cultural factors and educational achievement : CULTURAL VALUES AND NORMS

Answer 13

diff cultures = varying levels of importance on education eg some cultures may emphasise collective success and respect for authority = aligns well with school expectations

Question 14

Cultural factors and educational achievement : PEER GROUP INFLUENCE

Answer 14

positive = encourage academic achievement
negative = disengagement

Question 15

Cultural factors and educational achievement : ETHNIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

Answer 15

strong sense of cultural identity = influence educational aspirations and achievements
- students who feel a strong connection to their cultural heritage may be more motivated to succeed academically

Question 16

Cultural factors and educational achievement : TEACHER EXPECTATIONS AND STEREOTYPES

Answer 16

expectations filled by cultural stereotypes , affect how they interact w students

Question 17

high expectations from teachers

Answer 17

boost student performance

Question 18

low expectations

Answer 18

hinder student performance

Question 19

how can OVERCROWDING affect achievement

Answer 19

-lack of space for children to study and do homework
-cause disturbances that make it difficult for children to adequate and get adequate rest

Question 20

how do POOR LIVING CONDITIONS affect achievement

Answer 20

damp , cold and poor maintained housing = health problems eg respiratory issues = increased absenteeism from school
- hinders Childs ability to keep up with their studies

Question 21

how does STABILITY and MOBILITY affect achievement

Answer 21

frequent moves due to unstable housing can disrupt a child’s education
- changing schools often = gaps in learning and difficulty in forming stable relashionships with peers and teachers

Question 22

how does ECONOMIC STRAIN affect achievement

Answer 22

limit their ability to provide educational resources eg books , computers and private tutoring
- lack of resources = disadvantage compared to their peers

Question 23

how does NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECTS affect achievement

Answer 23

area with high crime rates and fewer educational facilities = environment not conductive for learning

Question 24

external factors affecting achievement

Answer 24

• parental influence
• family economic status
• health and nutrition
• housing conditions
• neighbourhood environment
• access to extracurriculars
  -social networks and peer influence

Question 25

health and nutrition

Answer 25

good physical and mental health crucial for learning , poor health (from inadequate nutrition , chronic illness or mental health issues) lead to increased absenteeism and lower academic performance

Question 26

4x

Answer 26

children in poorer families speak 4x fewer words each day

Question 27

27 months

Answer 27

children with a high persistence of poverty 27 months behind by GCSEs

Question 28

6%

Answer 28

6% students attend private school

Question 29

what are disadvantaged students

Answer 29

• qualify for free school meals
• looked after children
• children who’s parents are in the armed forces

Question 30

smith and noble

Answer 30

lists the ‘barriers to learning’ that result from low income
- less likely to have access to a computer with internet , desk , books , well heated home
- socially disadvantaged students are concentrated in a limited number of unpopular schools ( less funding = less resources)
- older w/c students are more likely to work part time to support their education or care for younger siblings , affects their attendance

Question 31

Wagfodel and Washbrook

Answer 31

children from lower income families more likely to live in a crowded or damp accommodation , more likely to have a dark, unclean and unsafe room

Question 32

Howards

Answer 32

people from poorer households have a lower intake of vitamins + minerals
( poor health = tiredness at school = lower attendance)

Question 33

meritocracy

Answer 33

your own hard work and ability will allow you to be successful

Question 34

reasons why middle class do well

Answer 34

• backed by parents
• surrounded by people who push them to do better
• influenced by media to want to do better

Question 35

key signifier of the social class of a child

Answer 35

• if they qualify for free school meals
• % of students achieving 5 a*-c grades or more

2014/15:
FSM= 31% non FSM= 61%. all = 58%

Question 36

what can we conclude

Answer 36

• w/c students CONSISTENTLY underachieve
• w/c students CONSIDERABLY underachieve
• education is NOT. a level playing field (meritocracy)

Question 37

complains about basil Bernstein’s theory

Answer 37

-its a skill to be simple and concise with lang
- places blame on w/c families
- doesn’t take into consideration people that speak more than one language

Question 38

What are DOUGLA’s claims on Parent’s education

Answer 38

parenting style - m/v parents more likely to emphasise discipline & high expectations

parent’s educational behaviours - mc more likely to read to their children , help w homework and attend events

use of income - mc now adopt gentle parenting

Question 39

general criticism

Answer 39

• material deprivation theorists ignore importance of culture
• ignored impact of internal factors
• doesn’t gov assist poeple from material deprivation?

Question 40

PIERRE BORDEAU

Answer 40

material and cultural deprivation interlinked

Question 41

cultural capitalied

Answer 41

This includes knowledge, skills, and education that a person acquires over time, often through socialization

Question 42

objectified cultural capital

Answer 42

This refers to physical objects that are owned, such as books, instruments, or works of art, which can be used to gain social advantage