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media key sociologists Flashcards

1
Q

Boyle - subtopic

A

New Media

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2
Q

What does Boyle say- digitalisation

A

Digitalisation allows for media to be delivered across a range of platforms which would previously have been separated and unconnected.

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3
Q

What does Boyle say - growing up

A

Young people today have grown up in a vastly different world to the generation before.
They have a lot more access to it and are used to the immediacy of new
media

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4
Q

Cornford and Robbins - subtopic

A

New Media

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5
Q

What do Argue Conford and Robins say - accomodation

A
  • New media are not so new and that the media today is an accommodation between old and new
  • because to use a game console, a television is required, while to connect to the Internet, a telephone line is still needed.
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6
Q

What do Argue Conford and Robins say - only thing that is new about new media

A

The only thing that is new about new media is its speed – information, news and entertainment can be accessed in ‘real time’

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7
Q

Curran and Seaton - Subtopic

A

New Media

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8
Q

Curran and Seaton - What do they say?

A

There are two debates about the new media – neophiliacs – who embrace the new media and the cultural pessimists who are very critical of it.

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9
Q

Strinati - Subtopic

A

Globalisation

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10
Q

Strinati - What do they say?

A
  • In the post-modern world, the distinction between high culture and popular culture has become blurred.
  • This has increased consumer choice
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11
Q

Ritzer - Subtopic

A

Globalisation

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12
Q

Ritzer

A

McDonalidization
- It is now possible to travel around the world without ever having to eat indigenous
food.
- The décor and the menu is immediately recognisable.
- It is reassuring and familiar but also evidence of decline in local culture

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13
Q

Flew - Subtopic

A

Globalisation

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14
Q

Flew

A
  • The USA is the dominating force in the spread of Global culture and cultural imperialism.
  • American culture is ubiquitous (everywhere)
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15
Q

Keen - subtopic

A

Globalisation

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16
Q

Keen

A

Twitter and Facebook are too wrapped up in ‘me culture’ to be effective tools of social change.

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17
Q

Turkle - subtopic

A

Globalisation

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18
Q

Turkle

A

People are so engaged in TV soaps and online gaming that they replace their actual families and communities with new media versions.
- They become lost in the real world

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19
Q

Adorno and Marcuse - subtopic

A

Globalisation

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20
Q

Adorno and Marcuse - indoctrinate

A
  • Global mass media is there to indoctrinate global consumers into the capitalist ideology
  • and to produce a homogenised culture that mainly promotes capitalist values such as materialism and consumerism
  • therefore producing false consciousness that inhibits any criticism of the global capitalist system.
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21
Q

Baudrillard - subtopic

A

Ownership and Control

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22
Q

Baudrillard

A

Audiences are so immersed in the media, they can find it difficult to distinguish between real life and the media version of reality.
- This is ‘hyper reality’.
- This has undermined truth and objectivity.

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23
Q

GUMG - subtopic

A

Ownership and Control

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24
Q

GUMG - Hegemonic Marxists argue that…

A
  • the media reflects the ideas of the ruling class (including media owners).
  • media professionals subconsciously control the content of the media by transmitting the dominant values of the white, male middle-class media professionals who work for media organisations.
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25
Milliband - subtopic
Ownership and Control
26
Milliband - tool
media is a tool used by the dominant group (white, male and middle class) to control the masses and convince them the widespread inequalities are inevitable within a capitalist society.
27
Milliband - mass media is the new...
“NEW OPIUM OF THE PEOPLE."
28
Marcuse - subtopic
Ownership and Control
29
Marcuse - approach
- Media owners play a key role in helping to control the working class through a ‘bread and circuses’ approach. - They deliberately make sure that media output is mainly entertainments-orientated so that people are kept happy and docile, unaware of their poverty and exploitation
30
Levene - subtopic
Ownership and Control
31
Levene - greater choice
Members of society now have a greater choice in their access to a greater diversity of media, making it easier for them to reject or challenge the meta-narratives proposed by the powerful
32
Bagdikian - subtopic
Ownership and Control
33
Bagdikian - 1983 vs 1992 vs 2014
In 1983, 50 organisations owned the majority of the USA’s media. By 1992, 22 organisations did. By 2014, 6 corporations are in control of the USA’s media
34
Gautling and Ruge - subtopic
News
35
Gautling and Ruge
Newsworthy items included some of the following... - Composition - Continuity - Elite people - Frequency, - Meaningfulness - Negativity - Personalisation - Proximity - Threshold - Unambiguity - Unexpectedness
36
Cohen - subtopic
News
37
Cohen - false
- Events get falsely reported due to the medias role in sensationalising stories. - This is common in the red top tabloids - This can cause moral panic which is a wave of moral concern about an exaggerated or imaginary threat to society
38
Jewkes - subtopic
news
39
Jewkes
- There are different levels of deviancy and responses to moral panics. - Not all moral panics are vulnerable – some are justified (e.g. paedophiles). - The audience can see past the media moral panic techniques – they are not passive
40
GUMG - subtopic
News
41
GUMG
Journalists side with powerful groups as they (white, middle class, males) have more in common with owners. They engage in agenda setting – leave out content that doesn’t suit this neoliberal world view
42
Van Dijk - subtopic
Representations
43
Van Dijk - immigrants in media
- seen as criminals in the tabloid press. - Right-wing tabloid newspapers often panic about the number of EM’s in Britain. - Papers panic about the impact this has on jobs and housing. - The benefits of immigration are rarely covered
44
Mc Robbie - subtopic
Representations
45
Mc Robbie - magazines
Magazines like Jackie encouraged girls to see romance and marriage as primary goals and to value themselves only in terms of how they are valued by boys
46
Hall - subtopic
Representations
47
Hall - victims of moral panic
EM’s are subject to media moral panics which aims to criminalise them and to present them as folk devils which threaten the stability of White society
48
Wolf - subtopic
representations
49
Wolf - body
The Beauty Myth – media makes the body an unattainable target – impact women more than men – increase of eating disorders
50
Mulvey - subtopic
Representations
51
Mulvey - 👀👨
Male Gaze - Media is created through the lense of a heterosexual male. - Overly sexualised images of women
52
Newman - subtopic
Representations
53
Newman - ignore
The media tend to ignore the issues with capitalism, such as the large bonuses which bankers have (as this focuses on the gap between the rich and the poor).
54
Barnes - subtopic
Representations
55
Barnes (1992) - disabled
There are a range of images of the disabled. - Content analysis of electronic & print media identified ‘the disabled person as......’ : - pitiable - pathetic - an object of violence, - sinister - evil, - atmosphere or curious - ‘super cripple’ - an object of ridicule - their own worst enemy - a burden - sexually abnormal - incapable of participating
56
Davis - subtopic
Representations
57
Davis
- The youth are blamed for issues in society. - Adults project societal problems onto our youth. (Moral Panics and Folk Devils)
58
Batchelor - subtopic
Representations
59
Batchelor - dominant sexuality
- ‘Heterosexuality’ is the dominant sexuality represented within the UK media - ‘homosexuality’ has not been integrated into the UK media. - When ‘homosexuality’ was represented within the media, it was often as a source of embarrassment or anxiety, often seen to be a ‘problematic state.’
60
Klapper - subtopic
Audience and Media
61
Klapper - 3 filters audiences have
Selective Filter – A message must be chosen to be read Selective Perception – A message has to be accepted Selective Retention – A message has to stick
62
GUMG - AM subtopic
audience and media
63
GUMG - agenda
Agenda is already set by the media, meaning audiences would struggle to interpret media outside the ideological constraints
64
Morley - subtopic
Audience and Media
65
Morley , 1)? 2)? 3)?
1) Preferred (or dominant) reading – People go along with the media messages and it is accepted as legitimate. 2) Oppositional reading – A minority may oppose views expressed in the media. 3) Negotiated reading – media audience may reinterpret media content to fit in with their own opinions and values
66
Bandura - subtopic
Audience and Media
67
Bandura - experiment
In the experiment, children changed their behaviour in response to what they had seen on the TV! Therefore they concluded that violent media content could lead to imitation or copycat violence
68
McQuail and Blumler - subtopic
Audience and Media
69
McQuail and Blumler - needs
Audiences have their needs met by the media: Information/ Surveillance, Personal Identity, Entertainment and Diversion, Personal Relationships

sociology (34 decks)

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