Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmo > Strabismus II > Flashcards

Strabismus II Flashcards

1
Q

definition of

Amblyopia

A

is the unilateral or bilateral decrease of best corrected visual acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when the amblyopia considered significant

A

if the different is 2 or more snellen lines

the different between 2 eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is

Crowding phenomenon

A

is better when the patient is presented with single letters rather than a line of letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

classifications of Amblyopia

according to cause

A
  1. Strabismic: due to Strabismus
  2. Anisometropic: due to isometropia in one eye
  3. Stimulus deprivation: due to opacity or ptosis
  4. Bilateral ametropia: high smetrical refractive power
  5. Meridional: image blur in one meridian

when it related to RI (METRO); opia means eye; (Meridional=خط طول)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

by the way

amblyopia mainly meas different, which type doesn’t

which type of amblyopia chractarized by two symmetrical eye

A

Bilateral ametropia

High symmetrical refractive power ; high hypermetropia
the others caractarized by (the difference between two eye in …)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

treatment of amblyopia

A
  1. optical correction.
  2. penalization (by atropine or oclusion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the meaning of Penalization

A

التغريم
close or drop atropine to the noraml eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of squint

A
  1. apparent squint
  2. true squint:
    - heterophoria (latent) or heterotropia (manifist)
    - Comitant or Incomitant
    - Constant or alternating or Intermittent

Incomitant = gaze specific; The angle differs in various positions of gaze due to paralysis or
restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causes of apparent squint

A

esotropia
* Epicanthal fold
* Short interpupillar distances
* Negative angle kappa

exotropia
* Large inter pupillary distance
* Positive angle kappa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the meaning and types of heterophoria

A

latent squint (ocular alignment needs effort)
eso, exo, hyper, hypo -phoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treatment of heterophoria

A
  1. correct any refractive errors.
  2. orthoptic exercise
  3. prism glass
  4. surgery (strength the week or vice versa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of esotropia

A

accomodative
1. refractive (fully/partial)
2. non-refractive (with conversion excess / accomodation weekness)
non-accomodative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which one associated with high AC/A ratio

A

non refractive accomodative esotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

conversion is eliminated when he wear lens

A

complete refractive accomodative esotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

conversion appears when he looks very neer

A

non refractive accomodative esotropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give me type of non accomodative esotropia

A

essential infantile esotropia

17
Q

characters of

essential infantile esotropia

A
  1. age < 6 months
  2. stable angle (non accomodative)
  3. cross fixation
  4. surgery
18
Q

what is the key different between 6th nerve pulsy and essential infantile esotropia

A

cross fixation +ve in essential infantile esotropia

19
Q

what is the meaning of cross fixation

A

uses of RT eye for LT gaze and vice versa

20
Q

what is the meaning of DVD 💿 in ophthalmology

A

Dissociated Vertical Deviation

the eye drift (تحذف) when it covered

21
Q

types of exotrpia

A
  1. constant (early)
  2. intermittent
  3. sensory (due to opacity)
  4. consecutive (complicated)
22
Q

is intermittent exotropia = exophoria?

A

No

ليش … تبيلها بحث 😅

23
Q

about

Constant exotropia

[6 points]

A
  1. Presentation at birth
  2. Normal refraction
  3. Large and constant angle
  4. DVD+/-
  5. Neurological anomalies are frequently present
  6. Treatment surgery
24
Q

classifiction of Exotropia

A

according to distance
1. distance
2. near
3. non specific

25
Q

What is the recommended condition for conducting refraction to ensure accurate measurement of refractive errors?

A

Refraction should be performed under full cycloplegia.

26
Q

give me example of strong cycloplegic

A
  • CYCLOPENTOLATE
  • atropine
27
Q

What is the recommended condition for conducting fundoscopy?

A

the pupil should be fully dilated, to exclude retinoplastoma or retinal scarring

28
Q

rough and acurate estimations of angle of squint

A

rough = Hirschberg test
acurate = Kremisky
test

29
Q

about the

Hirschberg test

mention 3 points and three angles

A
  1. pupillary margin = 15
  2. limpus = 45
  3. sclera = 60
30
Q

about the

Hirschberg test

each 1 mm = ?

A

1mm = 7 degree = 2 prism diopter

31
Q

Direction of prism in Kremisky test

A
  1. Esotropia base out
  2. Exotropia base in
  3. Hypertropia base down
  4. Hypotropia base up
32
Q

Treatment modalities [4]

review

A
  1. full correction of refractive error
  2. Occlusion therapy
  3. Orthoptic exercises
  4. Squint surgery
33
Q

treatment goals

A
  1. To improve visual acuity
  2. To maintain binocular single
  3. To achieve good cosmetic correction
34
Q

cover and uncover test

to detect what?

A
  1. cover test for heterotropia
  2. uncover test for heterotrophia

Ophthalmo (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions