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A YT step 3 > step3 peds > Flashcards

step3 peds Flashcards

1
Q

oppotunistic infection의 정의?

A

immunocompromised 때 온다고

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2
Q

kids hypocalcemia 인데 candida가 입에 보인다.

A

조지가 나오는 거 Digeorge synd

parathyroid dysplasia and subsequent hypoparathyroidism, causing hypocalcemia.
Thymus def=> T-cell def and hypoPTH

A 22q11.2 microdeletion leads to a developmental failure of the 3rd and

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3
Q

candida Tx?

A
  1. azole for uncomplicated vaginitis or oral/esophageal infections
  2. Nystatin also used for oropharyngeal thrush
  3. Echinocandins (caspofungin) used for severe disseminated infections
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4
Q

Candida는 T cell compromised 때 잘온다.

A

그러하다 그래서 HIV 때 잘온다는 거다.

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5
Q

absence of cerebellar vermis and 4th vent enlargement

A

Dandelion-walking , Dandy walker

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Giardia 가 잘 오는 immunodef?

A

Ig A def

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8
Q

TB, Salmonella 같은 intracellular pathogen을 못잡는 경우

A

Interleukin-12 Receptor (IL-12R) Deficiency

Signalling by Interleukin-12 (IL-12) required for differentiation into Th1 by naive Helper T-cells

결과적으로 Helper T 1 cell 에서 만드는 interferon 이 없다.

인터폰 떨어지고 있고, first aicd 못들어감.
intracellular organism 을 손에 들고 있는데 못들어가네…

Decreased Interferon gamma (IFN

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8
Q

Recurrent infections with catalase-positive organisms ( S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus)

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

Defect in NADPH oxidase

NADPH oxidase -

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9
Q

tetralogy of fallot 과 연관된 sydrome

A

조지 di george , 바닥이 테스리스네.

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10
Q

horseshoe kideny?

A

turning 하는 터너

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11
Q
A

좌측 위 유방+ 자궁 +
좌측 아래 유방 + 자궁 -
우측 위 유방 - 자궁 +

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12
Q

여자인데 Ambigious genitalia? birth 시 상황을 이야기 하는것

A

? sign: 여자에서는 11 and 21-hydroxylase def classic CAH can present at birth with ambigous genitalia (d/t excess androgen)

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13
Q

non classic 21, 11 hydroxylase CAH 때 는 소아과 문제는 어떤 문제가 주로?

A

**In Female , **precocious puberty : 콧수염달고 돌아다니네.

irregular red coin : irregular mens

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14
Q

17-hydroxylase def CAH 때 소아과 문제?

A

2 cracked eggs: decreased androgen production (because 17-hydroxylase is required for androgen synthesis in the gonads)

Male dino sitting on “?” : **in males, **: 17-hydroxylase deficiency presents at birth with ambiguous (or female-appearing) genitalia (due to decreased testosterone)

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15
Q

XR 는 문제가 남아가 나오나 여아 가 나오나?
예시?

A

남아만 나온다.

X`Y 라도 증상이 나오니까

Wiskott-aldrich synd

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16
Q

Wiskott-aldrich synd 의 특징?

A

immunodef 지팡이 / 엑취~ Eczema / pouch : pus forming infection + purpura by Plt 저하

WAS (wiskott-aldrich syndrom ) : 와사비 콩

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17
Q

애가 Hib, pneumococcus 가 계속 감염된다. Tonsil 이 안보이네? 이때 vaccin주의

A

live vaccine 금지.

Goblin 없고, node가 smash 되어 있고, broom으로 청소, live 빨간색, Bow

immunoglobin def/ LN or tonsil absenct/ Broom-bow-B cell def/ XR

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18
Q

Umbiliical cord 가 몇일이 지나도 안떨어진다?

A

Leukocyte adhesion def.
WBC가 peripheral 로 못감. => 상처가 늦게 낮고 PUS없이 감염이 진행

흰색 동그란 마크가 떨어지고 있음. cord가 묶여있는 개

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19
Q

The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage[1] or a dendritic cell[2] (histio, diminutive of histo, meaning tissue, and cyte, meaning cell). Part of their job is to clear out neutrophils once they’ve reached the end of their lifespan.

histiocytosis 가 오는 congenital immune def?

A

체다 치즈, Chdiak-higashi

neutrophil에서 lysosome 을 못쓰고 모여서 granule이 많고 (빵에 그레놀라) neutrophil이 더 모여 드니깐 없애려고 histiocytosis

neuropathy, Pancytopenia by overactive histiocytosis (pan에 있는), albinis

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20
Q

이거 뭐고 5 개 이야기 해봐라.

A
  1. Babesia spp. are parasitic protozoa primarily spread by the Ixodes tick
  2. hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, and jaundice
  3. Babesia spp. infection may present with an irregular fever pattern
  4. Asplenia significantly increases the risk of severe and potentially life-threatening babesiosis
  5. northeastern and upper midwestern regions of the United States
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21
Q

neonatal conjugated bilirubinemia?

A

기본적으로 cholestasis such as aresia , rotor, Robin-jonson,

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21
Q

신생아 6day 까지 애들 날수 만큼 wet diaper 가 나온다. 이후로는 그 이상 숫자가 늘진 않는다.

A

1일 1개, 2일 2개, 3일 3개, 4일 4개, 5일 5개, 6일 6개

즉, bowel control 될때까지 당분간 하루 6개 전후

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

이때 unconjugate or conju?

A

conjugate

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24
Q

DTaP에서 aP는 뭐고 걸리면 치료는 뭐고 전염은 어떻게 되나?

A

100일 기침, whooping cough, acellur Pertussi vaccine 이라고/
기침 air droplet으로 전염됨/ 치료는 까마귀 Macrolide

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25
Q

APGAR score resucitation 필요 없는 점수

A

8-10

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26
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

severe oligohydramnios : Oligohydramnios reduces the intrathoracic cavity size, thus disrupting fetal lung growth and leading to pulmonary hypoplasia.

그 다음으론 diagphragmatic hernia

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27
Q

임신 몇주에 Streptococcus B 검사?

A

3rd trimester

애한테 헬멧줘서 meningitis , 엄마는 대신 신생아 폐렴, 36 점 점수 ACT , Tx: Pencill Penicilli

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28
Q

겨울에 infants가 기침과 wheezing, accessory respiratory muscle action

A

딱. RSV - bronchiolitis & increased work of breathing

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29
Q

preterm baby. The vaccination schedule is how calculated?

A

Same as full term. Nothing differnt . Only HBV 만 2키로가 안된다면 병원 퇴원시나 한달째에

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30
Q

newborn from HBV mother .next thing?

A

반쪽짜리 해: 12시간만에/ Ab key링 + 주사: 생후 12시간내로 Vaccine 과 immunogloblin 주라.

그리고 0,2,6 하고 9새월에 진짜 감염됬는지 검사

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31
Q

Cystic fibrosis 증상 5개
자주 쓸 항생제.

A
  1. pancreatitis =>2. coagulopathy by poor vit K absorption
  2. infertility
  3. nasal polyp
  4. meconium ileus

=>Tx azithromycin 아즈택 크로우

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32
Q

Steeple sign ????

A

Barking cough/ Croup-ton/ PulsusParaDOGsus

Brassy cough with stridor 로 지문에 나오네

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33
Q

chalazion vs hordeolum

A

meibomian gland 막힘으로 염증 vs bacterial infection

chalazion 대부분 upper eye lid 에 꽐라찌온 꽉 막힘

스타이 stye: 스타이…이…인펙션

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34
Q

신생아 gonorrhea conjunctivis 치료

A

IM oneshot 3세대 세파

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35
Q

Good effect tx for primary enuresis?

A

enuresis alarm therapy, a first-line treatment that has the best long-term outcome and a low risk of relapse.

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36
Q

poor latch?

A

잘 못빠는거

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37
Q

normal tympanic membrane color

A

pearly gray and translucent, similar to a foggy window.

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38
Q

Lead Neurologic brain injury is non-reversible

A

Neurologic brain injury is non-reversible. Yes

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38
Q

no

이거 어디 쓰게?

A

moderate asymptomatic lead poisionging tx

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39
Q

cottage 가 뭐게

A

small simple house

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40
Q

myoTOnic dystonphy 는 muslce volume은 어떤가? 5개

A
  1. CTG (cottage ) winner repeat
  2. Muscle, esp facial muscle weakness and wasting
  3. Arrythmia
  4. TEsticular atrophy
  5. AD => CTG가 점차 점차 길어짐. => 원래 어른쯤 발병하지만 길수록 어릴때 발병. 선천성발병까지되면 inverted uoper lip 으로 나옴.
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41
Q

Growth spurt는 몇살이냐

A

Most girls start their sexual development between the ages of 8 and 13 (the average age is 12), and have a growth spurt between the ages of 10 and 14. Most boys start developing sexually between the ages of 10 and 13, and continue to grow until they’re around 16.

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42
Q

Transient synovitis??

A

postviral leg joint (mostloy one hip joint ) inflammation!

3-8 세

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43
Q

Slapped cheek 때 동반 증상 ?

A

Parvo B19 - 빨간 풍선 - RBC를 괴롭히. => Aplastic anemia: Common in sickle cell disease -> pancytopenia 팬에 있는 거 떨어뜨림.

Hydrops fetalis: Can cause death in fetus if pregnant woman is infected

Arthralgia/arthritis: Knees, ankles, wrists, and hands involved, with stiffness and pain

Slapped cheeck = erythema infectiosum

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44
Q

influenza vaccination 종류와 언제?

A

6개월부터 시작 Fly flu가 시작
생일 케익 4가 IM Inactivated vaccine 매년 birthday cake 이니까
(드물게 2세 이상부턴 Nasal live mist vaccine 쓸수도 매년 birthday cake 이니까 )

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45
Q

amoxi/ampi 는 G + or -?

A

purple 도 있고 red 도 있네. braod stectrum even cover Gram (-) anaerobe

46
Q

sterpthroat anti?

A

AMMOxicillin

47
Q

Amoxicillin 자주 쓰는 곳 언급?

A

Helico/ sinusitis/ lustry lung/ Rorrelia lyme/

48
Q

ampi/amoxicillin 에서 beta lactamase producing bacteria 일때?

A

클라리넷 - 클라불리네이트 / 탬버린 - sulbactam and tazobactam

48
Q

amoxicillin use?

A

치과진료 전에 도, asplenia 로 pneumococcu/Hib 예방때로 미리.

49
Q

Aminopenicilin 중에 ticarcillin 과 Piperacillin 의 특징?

A

pseudomoncal coverage + anaerobe coverage.

49
Q

GBS 가 일으키는 병

A

아가라티아에 - Group Baby strep

신생아에서 E.coli와 함께 가장 많은 감염의 원인이다. 그래서 36주쯤 검사

Pneumobian, meningitis => 아가 - Ampicillin

50
Q

뭐처럼 보여?

A

Blueberry muffin 처럼.

51
Q

rubella congenital infection sign

A

Congenital rubella syndrome: deafness/ microcephaly - 머리작네/ 조각에 눈이 없네. glucoma

52
Q

PDA 관련 선천성 감염?

A

Rubella

펜다 들고 있는 애

53
Q

MMR 은 pregnant때 하나 안하나? / HIV 있을때 하나 안하나?

A

LIve show!! 임산부는 도망중 : aVOID pregnancy / CD4 200 이하는 에이즈니까 금지.

54
Q

child red cherry red epiglotis and drooling and dyspnea

A

epiglotittis

55
Q

Acute rhuematic fever tx? & 회복후 조치?

A

ARF should be treated with** intramuscular penicillin G** benzathine to eradicate the GAS infection

↑ risk of ARF recurrence w/ subsequent GAS infections → antimicrobial prophylaxis =** IM penicillin G every 21-28 days until at least age 21 **

매달 21세까지 IM Pc

56
Q
A
57
Q

얼굴에서 시작해서 체간으로 이동하는 rash

A

Measles (rubeola )

-confluent rash

58
Q

measles fatal사망요인

A

폐렴 - 꽤 흔하다.

59
Q

measle 치료 에 도움되는 비타민?

A
59
Q

measles 오고 몇년후부터 UMN sign이 온다.

A
60
Q

MUMPs virus 내가..내가…____라니…. 목아래가 두껍네.

A

Mummy virus - Mumps - Orchitis Parotitis

61
Q

증상과 치료

A

가와사끼 바이크가 medium size pond에 med size vasculitis - conjunctivitis, fever, strawberry tongue, rash hands and foot, coronary artery aneurysm,

Tx: Aspire + Ivory IVIG

62
Q

Parvo virus 합병증

A

파르페 -
Aplastic anemia: Common in sickle cell disease
Fetalis hydrops
arthritis

63
Q

explain

A

장미밭 ROSEola 에 높으신 분이 땀흘리며 서 서 ..2세 정도에 많다

Herpes virus 6 - CD4 cell kill
4 days sunny High high your highness fever** and then rash sparing face apear**

Too high fever sometime cause seizure, shaking like the kids/

(다른 미즐등은 열이랑 같이 rash)

63
Q

언제 나타남?

A

congenital syphilis

64
Q

Coxsackie virus A 특징과 종류? 칵테일?

A

a. Herpangia (나쁜 팬인 Her를 판때기포 팡팡 쥐어박자)
vesicles/ulcers on the posterior oropharynx (ie, soft palate, uvula, anterior tonsillar pillars, and tonsils). => 아파서 밥못먹어서 옴.

b. 똑같은 coxsackievirus A지만 입앞쪽에 오고 손과 발에 가면 Handfootmouth 수족구

c. M/C cause of Aseptic children’ meningitis => 머리에 혹

65
Q

main 은?

A

various facial abnormality (saddle nose, hutchtson teeth)
saber shins
CN VIII deafness

65
Q

Ricketsia Riketsii 피부 증상?>

A

HAND SOLE rash

66
Q

congenital syphilis 에 RASH가 있을까?

A

Yes. HAND and SOLE 에 rash오는 특이 질환 중 하나 : Coxsackie / syphilis/ Rocky mountain fever

67
Q

장을 막는 기생충?

A

World’s M/C hemlnith

68
Q

애들 HBV vaccination

A

Hippie toys

Hepatitis B vaccine (inactivated/IM) 0/2/6mo = three dose series given at birth (if weight >2 kg), 2 months, and 6 months

69
Q

Immnunocompromised patient 가 VZV 가 오면 뭐가 추가타?

A

pneumolnia 가 많다. 애초에 VZV는 air droplet 으로 전파. 아니면 encephalitis 가 좀.

70
Q

clindamycin 이 커버 못하는 녀석?

A

Gram negative 를 못커버 (anaerobic gym에 온통 purple 이고 red babbel 은 하나도 없다)

71
Q
A
72
Q

camper 에게 오는 이녀석은 만성이지?

A

ㅇㅇ 몇주 지나서 증상 발현 가능해서 몇달간 그대로 기름진 냄새난 설사 질질지일.

73
Q

hook warm 의 삶의 경로는?

A

ancylostoma(ankle) , Necator => 발을 뚫고 들어와서폐에서 다시 소화기로. 피를 먹으며 살아서 IDA 만들지

그래서 발에 신을 신은거

74
Q

cat scratch dz 의 치료?

A

Macrolide 이지만 필요따라서 tertracyline.

74
Q

tetracycline 을 4세 고양이 발톱에 할켜서 axillary LN 커진 녀석에게 써야겠다…. 안되나?

A

tetracycline은 chleating agent라서 이착색시켜서 애들은 금지. / teratogenic 하기도

75
Q

kleinfelter synd?은 왜 delayed puberty?

clean filter

A

leydig cell failure - low testosterone.

75
Q

encephalitis

A
76
Q

CU20R30B65 123
풍진세상에 패닉을 일으킴 neutorpenic fungin
Crypto머니 한다고?! coccus 예끼놈! Echinocandin
neutropenic fever patients 풍진 세상에 그만 페닉을 일으킴
세파중 폭시해적단과 때탄 해적단만 구린일을 anaerobic 할수있다

A
77
Q

클린필터 신드롬은 X가 하나바닥에 더 있는놈. 호르몬 상태는?

A

Fish,FSH high, Lute, LH high
Trojan, trogen high , Testtube low

Leydig cell death, Certificate torn - Leydig cell and certoli cell broken

shrinked tomato/ egg plant - testes atrophy, infertility

78
Q

primary amenorrhea DDX

A

Taller girl celebrating her Quinceañera:
Primary amenorrhea = Lack of menses by 15yo if normal growth/dev of secondary sex characteristics, Lack of menses by 13yo if no dev of secondary sex characterstics

Younger looking girl celebrating her Bat Mitzvah
Primary amenorrhea = Lack of menses by 15yo if normal growth/dev of secondary sex characteristics, Lack of menses by 13yo if no dev of secondary sex characteristics

78
Q

lute?

A
79
Q

precocious puberty 라고 하려면 Tanner stage 가 얼마는되야?”

A

2부터가 pubertal development . 1은 유아

80
Q

16 yo girl w/o menarche . breast 큰데 uterus 가 없다.

2 가지 이유?

A

XY: Androgen insensitivity
XX: MRKH

81
Q

normal milestone crawling / sitting alone/ climbing sofa ?

A

crawling 5 mo / sitting alone 6-7 mo / climbng sofa는 1yr 더더 지나서!! furniture잡고 서는것이 1년쯤 인데 다리로 이렇게 체중지지가 되어야. 예준이 기준이 시험에 맞다

82
Q

SJS 오는거?

A

스티브 잡스 신드롬

83
Q

터너의 karyotype & 선천성 합병

A

xo
high Flower and light - FSH and LH high
estrogen low 터닝하는 바람게비

위쪽 터닝 -Aortic coartation 아랫쪽 터닝 - horse shoe kidney
바이크를 타고 터닝 - biscupid aortic valve 하다가 coartation 됨.

83
Q

encapsulated organism 과 이게 잘 재감염되는 경우

A

encapsulated organisms:
Streptococcus pneumoniae (most important)
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis

**asplenia or IgG or phagocyte or C3 가 문제인경우에는 reinfection 된다. **

=> spleen에서* IgG Ab + C3* 로** opsonizatio 해서 감싸서 and then phagocytosed by specialized macrophages in the spleen**.

83
Q

b cell immunodef.

A
84
Q

T cell immunodef

A
85
Q

B & T cell both immunodef.

A
86
Q

phagocyte cell immunodef

A
87
Q

immunodef + albinism + BM bx에 giant granule in granulocyte + infiltrative lymphohistiocytosis ?

A

체다-흰(albinism) 것

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency, caused by defects in the** LYST protein. (lysosomal transporting protein) **

=> problems in vesicle transport, which most significantly impair phagosome-lysosome fusion.

PB: giant granules are observed in granulocytes, and a complication to look out for is infiltrative lymphohistiocytosis (overactive lymphocytes and histiocytes) with resulting pancytopenia.

infiltraitve lymphohistiocytosis => 무분별하게 과도하게 주변 cell을 공격하는것 => pan 위에 있지 pancytopenia 가 온다.

88
Q

measle에서 합병증으로 인한 사망을 줄이는거

A

vit A 꼬깔 모자

89
Q
A
90
Q

macrosomnia?

A

Macrosomia, also known as fetal macrosomia, is a condition where a newborn is larger than average in size and weighs more than 4,000 grams, regardless of gestational age

91
Q

Moro reflex ?

A
92
Q

kallman syndrome 때 FSH / LH/ Estrogen?

A

냄새 못맡고, GnRH 가 아예 없다.
low FSH/ LH 와 low estrogen
콜맘 하면서 코가 가려졌네.

93
Q

이거 뭔가

A

15세 amenorrhea …. 는 병이지.

봉지 못뜻는 imperforated hymen

넥타이… 작은거 hypothyroidism

우유 먹고 있네. hyper prolactermia

94
Q

설명

A

남자에서 CAH가 성기나 성발달 문제야 드물고. 전부 여자.

Princess sitting on “?”: in females, severe 11 and 21-hydroxylase deficiency can present at birth with ambiguous genitalia (due to excessive androgen exposure in utero)

그 이후로는 mildCAH : mustache - early pubic hair + hirsutism / 코가 크다. clitoris enlarge

그외 irregular red coin: irrergular period

95
Q

17 a hydroxylase CAH 는 어떤 모호한 걸

A

2 cracked eggs

17-hydroxylase deficiency leads to severely decreased androgen production (because 17-hydroxylase is required for androgen synthesis in the gonads)

96
Q

1세 남아, blood streak , non pain stool pass.

A
97
Q

3세 남아 episodic abd pain with bloody stool

A

Intussusception most commonly affects children 6 months - 3 years of age

98
Q

?

A

Hirschsprung

99
Q

신생아 급사 증후군 엄마쪽 이유

A

smoking/ 십대 엄마/ 그래서 나오는 premature baby

100
Q

애는 언제까지 못걸으면 abnormal?

A

식수sixteen 을 얻기위해 매일 걸어야 하는 아프리카 애들

101
Q

애가 이렇다. 배에 mass , flushing 도 있다.

A

neuroblastoma

nephro가 콩팥 캡슐이 같혀 못나가는 윌리엄이구낭

102
Q

antepartum fetal testing 읊어보라…

A
103
Q

chediak-Higashi synd 때 주증상과 특징?

A

lysosome transporting protein 이 고장나서 계속 감염이 생기고 abinism

104
Q

neonatal chlamydia conjunctivits는 언제쯤 오며, 예방은 뭐고 치료는?

A

일주일쯤 되면 오고, 예방불가, 치료는 PO azithromycin 혹은 erythrmycin

105
Q

Torch

A

CMV 와 Gondi 는 거의 비슷. hydrocephalus로 머리크면 gondi

106
Q
A

A YT step 3 (17 decks)

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