ecfmg Flashcards

1
Q

decreased alveolar-arterial gradient가 좋은거지.

A

intrapulmonary shunt 때도, penumonia 도 모두 이 표안에서 끝난다., ㅎㅎㅎㅎ - post op atelectasis 에서도 lung consolidation 에서도 increased A-a gradient
원래는 5미만 차이지?

이 표대로 다~ 되네.

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2
Q
A

일반 OGTT 2시간후 146 미만이여야지.

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3
Q

Adjustment disorder occurs within ___months of a significant stressor, such as a divorce. It is characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that do not meet the criteria for another mental disorder.

A

3

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4
Q

hepatomegaly+ long h/o COPD + CVP 10 cm + diffuse scattered inspiratory wheezes bilaterally.

JVP 는 밑에 5 + 위에 3 으로 8까지 정상

protuberant: 튀어나온

A

Cor pulmonale

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4
Q

She has a do-not-resuscitate order stating that she does not want cardiopulmonary
resuscitation, with no specific comment on intubation.

The patient is alert, fully oriented, and conversant. Results of arterial blood gas
analysis are shown:

normal PaO2 mmHG는 80 이상

A

Explain to the patient that because her advance directive is confusing, discussing her options would be helpful

When a patient’s advance directive is unclear or does not fully address their current situation, it is essential to have a direct and empathetic discussion to clarify their goals of care and document their updated preferences. This ensures that medical interventions align with the patient’s values and wishes.

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5
Q

poor peripheral perfusion, which would significantly hinder this patient’s ability to heal and ambulate effectively with a prosthesis.

A
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6
Q

Pruritus is a well-documented side effect of _____, including oxycodone

A

opioid therapy

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7
Q

LUQ pain + amylase high

histology?

+ Caseating granulomatous inflammation with serosal fibrous adhesions:?

A

stroke 처럼 막힌거니 : coagulative necrosis

vs
Caseating granulomatous inflammation with serosal fibrous adhesions: This is seen in conditions like tuberculosis or Crohn disease

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8
Q

ureter stone 때 진단

A

CT

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9
Q

vacation in a southeastern state

A

Vibrio vulnificus: Causes wound infections, sepsis, and bullous lesions, particularly in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis).

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9
Q

기립성 저혈압은 고령에 고혈압 약 쓸때 흔히 있다. syncope 온다고 해서 그것만으로 이유구나… 아니고

A

Telemetry 해야 함.

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10
Q

쎄레브렉스 기전 과 먹으면 prothrombotic or anti thrombotic?

prostacyc or prostagla

A

a selective COX-2 inhibitor, decreasing prostacyclin (PGI2) production 그래서 coagulation 늘어나겠지.

ProstaCyclin- 싸이클 바퀴는 2개다. 아주 좁은 면적으로만 달리지 - vasoConstriction / pro선수가 지나가는길에 깨끗이 먼지없게 치우기

Progstglnadin - vasodilation / pro선수가 지나가는길에 깨끗이 먼지없게 치우기

TXA - Trhombus 를 쌓는 / ** X **못지나가게 좁게 막아 vasoconstrictoin

Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2) is a prostaglandin m

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11
Q

신생아급사 증후군의 애기가 preterm 인것은 연관이 있나

A

있지.

껄렁한 담배피는 중딩!!
애도 작고, perterm, 엄마도 작고 , 미성념 엄마.

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11
Q

알콜도 esophagus cance랑 연관

A

있지 . 술담배

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12
Q

백신에 대해 misconception 은 인정하는게 아니라 그 specific misconception 을 해소해주는 설명

A

그 misconception 을 피해서 안전합니다. 혹은 맞아두면 herd immunity 줄입니다. ~ 이런거 아님.

그걸 딱 찝어서 정확한 정보 주기.

대부분의 백신은 극도로 안전: 좀 위험성이 있습니다만~ => 이런 설명은 두려움을 키우므로 절대 정답아님.

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13
Q

Severe intellectual disability and congenital anomalies (e.g., heart defects, overlapping fingers, rocker bottom feet

A

Edward - 대부분 얼마 못살아서 호스피스행

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14
Q

기본적으로 아무리 헷갈려도 peripheral 은 horizonta nystagmus 다.

A

cerebellar atxia 는 dysmetria
stroke은 보통 다른 증상을 준다.

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15
Q

The patient appears to be drifting in and out of sleep during the physical examination

A
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16
Q

아트로핀 이 테이블…. 그 테이블에 엄청 많이 드루와 있지.

A
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17
Q

lower PVR 과 AF 인 CHF?

A

high output heart faliure by hyperthyroidism
Yes, hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid) is a well-established risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation (AF), an irregular and often rapid heartbeat, with AF occurring in up to 15% of patients with hyperthyroidism.

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18
Q

AR 때 mumur 위치와 p/ex 특징

A

poudnig pulse
widened pulse pressure 166/55
Diastolic decresendo M @ L sternal border.

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19
Q

Pancreatitis 때 LUng 문제 어디

A

diaphragm에 가까이 있어서
L pleural effusion
Pneumonia
ARDS

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20
Q

2hr ogtt 146 미만이 정상이지. 그거말고 DM 진단 기준

A
  • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL -> 100 이하 정상
  • 2-hour plasma glucose values ≥200 mg/dL during a 75 g OGTT => 146 미만 정상
  • HbA1c ≥6.5%

fasting 100~126 metabolic / 126 이상 DM

OGT
Normal: Glucose level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
Prediabetes: Glucose level between 140 and 199 mg/dL (7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L)
Diabetes: Glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)

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21
Q

여자 irritable함은 언제 올라감

A

그래서 premenstural synd

Symptoms typically occur in the luteal phase (1–2 weeks before menses) and resolve with the onset of menstruation.

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22
Q

8세 애가 심정지로 사망.

A

congenital long QT syndrome or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), are common causes of cardiac arrest in young patients without coronary artery disease.

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23
Q

(A) Bile ductular proliferation
(B) Centrilobular necrosis
(E) Macrovesicular steatosis

A

A: Biliary atresia 때
B: toxic liver injjury
E: NASH , fatty liver

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24
Q

vertebrobasilar synd에서 weakness도 온다.

PCA 는 brain stem 아님. - 말그대로 post. cerebral A.

A

ataxia, dizziness, dysphagia 가 먼저오고 심하면 당연 얼굴과 사지 반대편도 weakness-

spinothalamic 말고 corticospinal 도 meduall의 pyramidal decussation 에서 다 decusastion 하므로 decussation 없는 facial 위치 기준 stroke 이라고 보면 됨.

이 decuation - medulla 제일 밑에 위치함

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25
Q

45세부터 abnormal bleeding 양많아지거나 하는거 irregular하거나… 4미리 이상 이면 bx하지만 44세..정도면 AUB abnormal uterine bleeding 은 혹시 모르니 Bx. 하라는 거지.

A

혹시 cancer인거보다 낫다.

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25
Q

STEMI II, III, aVF 때 NTG 쓰나 마나

이때 그럼 중요한 구별처치할거

A

금지.
RV니깐
=> preload 올려주려고 IV hydation 이 중요!

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26
Q

PCR= NAAT

A
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26
Q

밤에 통증 심한 NSAIDS조 조절하는 골종양

A

osteoid osteoma - 밤에 작업하고 SLED 끌고 가네.

저기 시멘트가 osteoid 자나

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26
Q

steroid오래 쓰다 끊으면 전해질에 어떤 문제?

A

Only hyopnatremia only when 2nd 3rd AI

aldosterond이 K,H교정해주지만 ADH가 너무 많이 나와서
1˚AI can cause hyponatremia (↓aldosterone → hypovolemia → ↑ADH); 2˚ and 3˚ AI can also cause hyponatremia (↓cortisol is a** potent stimulator** of ADH)

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27
Q

멀티 플레이어 이던 선수 는 어디에 잘오고 보기에 어떤가?
악성?

A

멀티 플레이어 던 EWING Sarcoma 은 농구공처럼 swelling painful mass -> 보는것처럼 Rib에도 올수 있다.

diaphysis 에 두글자니깐 오기도 한다.

청소년에만 발생. => 유잉, youth

유명한 여기저기 잘침투하던 유잉 => 전이와 조직소견이 좋지 않은 poorly differentiated anaplastic spindle cells

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27
Q

chronic smoking + obstructive + 가래는 별로 많지 않고 하얗다. hyperiinflation

A

emphysema

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27
Q

“We need to discuss how cannabis affects your functioning. How can I help you tell your mother?”

A

Offering to facilitate communication with the mother ensures that the patient receives family support without breaching confidentiality.

“I am worried about your ..” => 이 문구는 절대 절대 답아니다.

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27
Q

constrast induced AKI 의 가장 큰 risk factor

A

CKD 가 있었따면 뭐… 매우 높은 확률로

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28
Q

Clinically, this 5-joint improvement is meaningful for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as it suggests better symptom control and improved quality of life.

A

환자도 이차이로 임상적으로 좋아진거니깐

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29
Q

CNS depression + liver enzyme high + Cr increase + Bradykardia + low BP ?

그외 해당 중독증상
A. Agonism of mu-opioid receptors:
B. Inhibition of aldosterone:
C. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE):
E. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis:
F. Inhibition of renal sodium and chloride resorption:

A. Agonism of mu-opioid receptors:

A

광범위 B blocker : Bradycardia and hypotension + Somnolence and confusion+ AKI and elevated liver enzymes: Likely due to hypoperfusion from hypotension.

A. Agonism of mu-opioid receptors: respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and decreased oxygen saturation,

B. Inhibition of aldosterone: Causes hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis

C. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE): Associated with cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema

E. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis: Describes NSAID use. NSAIDs may cause AKI by reducing renal perfusion

F. Inhibition of renal sodium and chloride resorption: Seen with diuretics, leading to electrolyte imbalances, not CNS or respiratory depression.

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30
Q

HIV 때 Tb의 몸속에서 전파 양상?

A

In immunocompromised patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis often disseminates hematogenously from a primary lung infection to distant sites,

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30
Q

pancoast tumore 때 쯩상

A

Horner
Lower Brachial pleuxs compress -weakness finger

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30
Q

Entamoeba histolytica: Causes ____ diarrhea

A

bloody diarrhea and liver abscess

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30
Q

Common variable immunodef는 Bruton 처럼 sinopulmonary infection 이 재발될수도 있고, IgA def 처럼 sinopul+ GI infecrtoin 지 재발되기도 한다.

A

Immunoglobuline 이 다양하게 문제.

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31
Q

fibrillin 1
dystrophin
spectrin

A

MarFan
DMD
SPherocytosis

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31
Q

acid fast oocyte

watery diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium - immunodef 만 걸림.

저기 크리스탈이 꼭 acid fast같지.
물물 -
Bubble- oocyte

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32
Q

Convene a representative focus group of potential participants to ask questions regarding reluctance to enroll

A

특정 집단이 잘 연구에 참여 안하면 => 물어봐서 어떤 이유가 있다면 수정하는거지. 지배계층을 , 윗사람을 신뢰할수 없을만한 경험적 문화가 있다던가

놔두고 진행하는거나 버리거나 무조건 참여시키는게 아니고

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32
Q

COX inhibitor????

A

cyclooxygenase 의 줄임말

COX 억제 -> Block synthesis of prostaglandin, leukotriene, thromboxane, and other arachidonic acid derivatives
Aspirin (irreverible)
Acetaminophen
NSAID
selective COX-2 inhibitor가 쎄레브렉스 => 애만 prostacyclin 선택적억제.

ProstaCyclin- 싸이클 바퀴는 2개다. 아주 좁은 면적으로만 달리지 - vasoConstriction / pro선수가 지나가는길에 깨끗이 먼지없게 치우기

Progstglnadin - vasodilation / pro선수가 지나가는길에 깨끗이 먼지없게 치우기

TXA - Trhombus 를 쌓는 / ** X **못지나가게 좁게 막아 vasoconstrictoin

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32
Q

convene

A

소집하다.

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33
Q

Nitric oxide donors?

A

such as nitrates

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33
Q

PAD 때 일단 쓰는 약 정해진거
기전

A

cilostazol(cilantro)
Dipyridamole(하늘에 dipper)
=> 빨간거 열어놨지. vesodilation 효과
PDE inhibitor - 패들이 부러졌지.
plt 감소 - anti plt 효과도

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33
Q

ADHD 진단 없이 stimulant 못나가지.

A
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33
Q

HIV viral load

A

는 RNA 양을 이야기하겠지

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33
Q

cppd
chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the hyaline and fibrocartilage+ subchondral cysts + tendon calcification

A

OA 는 sub chondral sclerosis 자나

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34
Q

North Carolina 가 meningitis 올수 있나

A

ㅇㅇ Rocky moutain - 손발로 집고 머리도 같이 박으면서 떨어지고 있네

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34
Q

Anterior spinal artery territory ischemia

A

: This condition typically results in bilateral motor weakness and pain/temperature sensory loss below the level of the lesion, sparing vibration and proprioception. This patient retains vibration sense in some areas, making this less likely.

35
Q

Opioid withdrawal 음 yawning

A

끊은지 몇시간내로 나오자나 urine toxicology 에 나옴.

36
Q

radiation 어릴적 -

A

알자나 thyroid cancer

36
Q

Undercooked eggs ?

A

Salmonella no tyhoida

37
Q

smoking 은 thyroid cancer risk 아니다.
multiple 보다는 single nodule 이 위험

A

cancer risk

38
Q

methimazole & PTU s/e

A

agranulocytosis

39
Q

fluticason 은

A

Only inhaler 자나 우리도 쓰는

40
Q

HFE gene 문제때 감염 잘되는거

A

Hemochromatosis predisposes to infections with iron-dependent organisms, including Vibrio vulnificus, which is found in raw oysters.

. Management includes dietary modifications (avoiding raw seafood)

쇠를 녹슬게 하는건 바로 바닷물이지.

41
Q

Functional murmurs are short, early or midsystolic murmurs of grade 2/6 or less. They are well-localized to the area of the left sternal border, and they diminish in intensity when the patient stands, sits up, or strains during the Valsalva maneuver.

42
Q

A 14-year-old boy exhibits odd behavior, then becomes somnolent and difficult to arouse. He has small pupils (2 mm)

miosis 만드는 거 아닌것? diphenhydramine/ Penid/

A

Dextromethorphan -
아이게 opioid 유사물이라서 miosis도 오고 깔리고 + 기침도 억제해주는거임.

(Diphenhydramine: Can cause sedation and anticholinergic effects, dilated pupils and decreased bowel sounds => 하이드라한테 잡혀 기절해있자나

Methylphenidate: A stimulant causing hyperactivity, dilated pupils, tachycardia—not sedation with small pupils.)

43
Q

Post MI 때 베타블러커 말고 쓸 혈압약

A

ACEi

Decrease mortality in post-MI patients: Beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, Spironolactone, SGLT2 inhibitors

CHF랑 똑같다.

44
Q

construction apraxia ( copying a line can’t ) & dressing apraxia

A

아악! L hemi때 neglect많자나
R nondominat parietal 때 spactal skill
줄따라 긋기
안된다
2D, 3D 가 안된다.

44
Q

repetitive eye blinking and throat clearing. 인데 aura도 없고 바로 다음 동작을 하는데?

향후 발병 가능 높은건

A

Tourette => ADHD/ OCD

cf) parcial seizure는 전/후가 다 있자나

45
Q

acetaminophen intoxication 에서 alcohol 같이 들어가는 경우많고 - 이게 poor prognosis 지

46
Q

DKA 때 mental 쳐지면 ICU가서 뭐주지?

46
Q

X-rays of the left hip and femur show cortical
thickening of the subtrochanteric region.

MRI of the left hip and femur shows moderate edema of the bone marrow and soft tissue in the subtrochanteric region;

there is cortical discontinuity laterally.

A

IMPENDING fracture네

These fractures often occur with minimal trauma and require** surgical fixation** to stabilize the fracture and improve mobility. + 알렌드로 끊기

Atypical femoral fracture: especially in patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy, may indicate an atypical femoral fracture (AFF)

47
Q

하하하하하 4주에 걸쳐서 점차 dyspnea, S3, leg edema.

쓰면 안되는약 하하하하하하

A

Acute Decompensated HF: 이런걸 ADHF라고 하자나.
B blocker 안되고
CCB 안되자나

써야 할약은 옆에 Nitrite / loop diuretics/ Digoxin 이자나…

48
Q

Colon cancere: new 1-cm pulmonary nodule with irregular borders and increased uptake in the left lower lung lobe; the
nodule does not involve the pleura or other major structures, and there is no pleural effusion.

A

excision

There is no evidence of other metastatic disease. =>
Resectig solitary lung metastases in colorectal cancer can improve survival.

49
Q

Upper endoscopy shows a nonbleeding ulcer; biopsy of the ulcer is done, and results show a polymorphic infiltrate of
small cells with reactive follicles that stain positive for B lymphocyte markers CD19 and CD20.

first manage

A

First-line treatment involves H. pylori eradication with clarithromycin-based triple therapy, which can induce remission in early-stage MALT lymphoma.

=> If lymphoma persists after eradication, consider chemotherapy or radiation.

49
Q

Medical history is remarkable for
hyperthyroidism diagnosed 1 month ago, for which she was given prescriptions for several medications, none of which she has filled.

A

fill 은 보통 약받고 복용하는 행위.

약 안먹었다고

50
Q

Methadone 모유수유 가능?

A

Many drugs enter the breast milk and can cause problems for the baby. Let’s develop a plan to give your baby safe breast milk.”
안전하고 가능하다. 하지만 methadone 역시 opioid 약물이 baby한테 주어지는 것이므로 Monitoring 은 필요~!!

Breastfeeding reduces neonatal withdrawal severity by providing low levels of methadone in breast milk.

Cocaine and amphetamines are contraindicated in breastfeeding due to their potential neurotoxic effects on the infant.

51
Q

PCOS 에서 OCP 먹고 잘 있다. 매년 검사할거

A

HbA1c - PCOS is characterized by insulin resistance

Management: Annual diabetes screening with fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or HbA1c. Weight loss and exercise are first-line treatments.

52
Q

Herpetic whitlow

A

Herpetic whitlow is a painful viral infection of the fingers or toes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

53
Q

MI 확정시 가장 먼저 먹일거

MI때 언제라도 금지

A

Immediate administration of oral aspirin (325 mg, chewed) is critical as it reduces platelet aggregation and the risk of thrombus propagation, significantly improving outcomes in acute MI.

MI에서 CCB는 자리가 없다.

54
Q

hyperthyroidism + 약을 잘 안먹던 환자 + 최근 감기기운 => fever, new Af,

치료

A

Suspicion for thyroid storm w the high fever.

항진 + 스트레스나 감염 겹치면 온다.

Propranolol controls tachycardia/afib and blocks conversion of T4->t3. Then steroid, PTU. Fluids are key

55
Q

HIV 컨택한거 같은데 … 음성이면 언제 다시 하나

A

3 개월후
Initial testing may not detect acute HIV; repeat testing at 3 months is necessary to confirm the absence of infection.

If your initial HIV post-exposure test is negative, you should get retested after the window period (generally 3 months after potential exposure) to confirm the negative result, especially if you had a recent exposure.

56
Q

AG gap normal + low phosphate + Low K … 이거 문제 몰것당

A

Non AG acidosis 는 사실 diarrhea 랑 RTA 밖에 없지. 특히 HCO3- 를 소변으로 버리는 II bicardbonate 버린다고 II =>** 인 P를 버리는게 특징**이라 골다공증이 온다. 타입 이= 2 - 인이이인 이 낮다고

Type 1 (Distal RTA):
Think of “one” as in “one too many H+,” meaning impaired H+ secretion, leading to alkaline urine and hypokalemia.
Type 2 (Proximal RTA):
Think of “two” as in “too little bicarb,” meaning impaired bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to hypokalemia.
Type 4 (Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism RTA):
Think of “four” as in “no 4 aldosterone,” meaning aldosterone deficiency or resistance, leading to hyperkalemia.

57
Q

___ is the first-line test for suspected gallstone pancreatitis .

A

ultrasonograph

The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and alcohol use.

=> 잘 못찾겠으면 CT 추가

58
Q

severe itching and redness at the injection site 48 hours following a previous trigger point injection. 또 주사맞고 싶다고… 어쩌지

A

The most appropriate next step is referral to an allergist to determine the specific allergen involved.

This evaluation will help avoid future adverse reactions and guide the selection of safe anesthetic options.

다른 로피바/부피바/ 리도… 써도 또 올수 있다. ..

59
Q

집에서 넘어져 hip
집에 오낼때 home service 뭐 신청

A

Assist the patient in strengthening her lower extremity muscles

59
Q

Scaphoid fractures 치료

A

plaster cast that **incorporates the thumb **to stabilize the fracture and promote healing.

=> scaphoid 은 엄지 움직일때ㅕ ……움직이지

60
Q

Yes, allergic rhinitis (hay fever) can cause wheezing, as the body’s reaction to allergens can lead to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in a whistling sound during breathing.

A

hay fever = allergic rhinitis 때 wheezing 도 있을수 있고 이땐 inhaled steroid 쓴다.

60
Q

pedigree 힌트들

A

algorithm : 양부모 모두 affected에서만 자식 affect? AR
-> skip 하면서 남아만 나오나? XR
-> 아빠만 affected 되면 남아는 clear ? XD

AD: 모르지 뭐.
XD: 아빠만 affect => 아들은 clear ( 구아방 XD는 아빠만 타고 아들은 못태우지)
AR: Skip + 양부모 모두 affect라야만 자식에서 affect
XR: Skip + 남아만
mito: 엄마가 affect면 모두 자식

61
Q

모든 pressure sore 의 최대 중요

A

단백질도 뭐도 다 일단 pressure relief후에 생가

61
Q

청소년, 어린이에서 S3는 정상소견

62
Q

tinnitus + met acidosis + fever + hepatic toxic + hyperrespiration

63
Q

Pap은 3년마다 Pap +HPV는

A

5yr 마다

64
Q

viral infection induced ADFH - dilated ventricle prognosis

A

일단 급성기만 넘기면 완전 회복

65
Q

Hand foot mouth dz 때 치료? 아씨클로바?

A

Acetaminophen

(HSV/ herpes zoster 등 herpes 만 acyclovir)

66
Q

Generally, swallowing dysfunction is <6months life expectancy with ALS

67
Q

Anorectal Manometry:

A

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD), specifically dyssynergic defecation.
적절히 원하는때에 bowel mnovement 와 rectal sphinter tone이 싱크로가 안되는구나.

67
Q

bradycardi 치료 와
그중에 현재 환자가 vs unstable 할때 치료

A

symptomatic brady: Atropine

근데 인제 BP 떨어지고 쳐지고 할땐 일단 transcutaneous pacing으로

68
Q

A high-pitched, grade 4/6 systolic murmur radiating to the left axilla strongly suggests __________

A

mitral regurgitation,

69
Q

MR 이 심해져서 숨이 좀 차다… 어쩌지

A

vavle surgery:
Chronic severe MR causing any symptoms
혹은
Chronic severe MR with left ventricular dilation or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30%-60% (regardless of symptoms)

사실 이미증상이 나타나면 irreveriable한 LVchange가 있는 경우가 허다하다. 그러므로 6개월마다 sono하는거고. 60% 미만되면 증상 없어도 수술해버리는것.

증상이 발생하면 그래도 benfit을 기대하면서 수술하자.

70
Q

for DM2 goals: Blood Pressure <_____

DM 있으면 ACEi 다주나

A

for DM2 goals: Blood Pressure < 130/80

혈압 이 위 보다 높을때만 주죠잉

70
Q

ADPKD 에서 poor prongosis?

A

사이즈가 크든 cyst가 몇개든 상관없고 renal fx 이 떨어지는것이poor prognosis

70
Q

bow leg + hearing loss 때 bone pain 도 있다.

A

Padget 때 bone pain +

71
Q

친구말만 들을게 아니고 실제 먹고 있는지 안먹고 있는지 urine test

72
Q

lactational mastitis. #1 Staph Aureus

항생제 뭐

A

cephalexin
안되면 Vanco

72
Q

Wallenburg때 hypoventilation 이 온단다.

73
Q

an intra-aortic balloon pump 언제 쓰지

A

MI 때 - diastolic phase 때 IA pressure를 확올려버림. 부풀어서. 그래서 coronary A로 flow 확증가

74
Q

aortic root replacement 먼 aorta 수술

어떤 aorta dissection 때?

A

type A - ascending 부터 시작해되는 거

type B descending 은 Beta blocekr 먼저

75
Q

우측으로 사람이 기울면 우측병변. 중간서 balance를 못잡아서 좌측으로 넘어가면 안되서 우측으로 기대로 그럼 좌측근육이 우측으로 안넘어가게 잡아주니깐

Babinski sign is absent bilaterally.??

A

바빈스키가 없으니 정상이라고 하 참~

76
Q

Apnea of prematurity is characterized by true apnea and pauses in breathing lasting ≥20 seconds

it typically resolves by a corrected gestational age of 37 weeks 말그대로 prematurity 가 끝는 37주 날쯤에 사라짐

A

Periodic breathing 은 몇초? 10초 이내 - apnea 가 아니고 breathing 인데 periodic 하다고

그냥 피리도딕 - 피지오로직 - physiologic 이라 신경꺼라. 6개월쯤 되면 사라짐.

76
Q

myasthenia gravis 때 치료
못쓰는 항생제

A

pyridostigmine
aminoglycosides (C), fluoroquinolones (E), macrolides (B)
Masthenia gravis 마크로랑 글라이코 벌써 있네. 아저씨는 꽃을 안좋아함.

77
Q

치료

A

ventilator - barotrauma

pneumopericardium can be seen in mechanically ventilated preterm infant
=> pericardiocentesis 해주면 됨

78
Q

19세 애가 자꾸 설사하는데 하고나면 배는 안아프다. 체중이 상당히 적은 편. 자주 입에 oral ulcer. RUQpain.++

A

anal fisutal 만드는 크론

d입부터 똥꼬까지.

79
Q

acute pancreatitis 가 만드는 폐문제

A

Lt pleural effuaion 만들거나
ARDS만들거나

80
Q

neutropenia 로 목따갑고 열날때 항생제

A

peudomonas cover 하는 cefepime

81
Q

recurrent GI infection

A

igA def 겠지.

81
Q

midriasis 만드는 표

A

stimulants/ anticholinergic/ opioid withdrawal

miosis 아니고~~~!!!!!

82
Q

urinary bleeding + esosinophilia 약 과 risk 올리는거

A

schistosomiasis

83
Q

biliary treee 문제 + esosinophilia
증가 시키는거

84
Q

impending fracture w/o other disease

A

surgical rod 넣어서fixation 해주자.

85
Q

4개월 애기가 쳐진다. failure to thrive 이때 걱정할거

A

osteomalacia
다 감소되는 전해질이 특징
FANconi

86
Q

고령과 LOC 에선 꼮 HR/ RR 봐라

86
Q

congenital imm def 중에 Ig 관련이 cardiac 이랑 관련 된게 없다.

A

ASD가 fixed 나와도 이건 innocent 라서 observation

87
Q

sle 환자 의 신생아에서 체크

A

heart block

Anticardiolipin Antibody 가 SLE이 있자나

Definition:

Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) are autoantibodies that target a phospholipid called cardiolipin

88
Q

임산부 adhf tx

A

First: loop diuretics로 물일단 빼고

Second: combo tx 로 direct arterial dilator 인 Hydralizine + nitrate

89
Q

antidepressant 끊고 감기 기운

A

약다시 먹자. stop syndrome

90
Q

resistant HTN 에서 NSAIDS 먼저 끊어보라

90
Q

HSV 예방은 언제 acyclovir 주나 분만전

91
Q

fever 때 culture 어디어디 기본

A

일단 blood culture, urine culture 기본.

92
Q

Opioid intoxication reversal: naloxone

BDZ reversal?

A

BDZ: flumazenil