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A YT step 3 > STep 3 nephro > Flashcards

STep 3 nephro Flashcards

1
Q

Urine SG??

A

1.009까지정상

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2
Q

Mixed Cryo globulinemia 에서 complement 감소?

A

C모양 하마가 3-4 마리… complement 감소

Ig M 이니까. 아이스 크림.

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3
Q

hypotonic hyponatremia type 중 Urine sodium 40 loss이상?

이유는?

A

hypovolemic hyponatremia

원인 : 1. primary adrenal insuff. /2, thiazide or loop diuretics

비니는 primary adrenal insff 뜻/ thigh + loop 감긴 꼬리

비니 처럼 보이는 adrenal insufficiency로 aldo없는 경우, 내가 thyazide나 라식스 계속 쓰면 오던 hy

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4
Q

hypotonic hyponatremia type 중 단봉낙타가 A Dromedary’s Hump가 원인인것?

A

SIADH - euvolemic hyponatremia

낙타나 높네. Hihg ADH - SIADH

ADH - 낙타는 소변 안눔. 소변이 진하다 . SI socked inside

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5
Q

hypotonic hyponatremia type 중 primary polydipsia가 원인인 것? SIADH랑 어찌 구분?

A

euvolemic hyponatremia

소변이 묽다. urine osm 저하 - 아저씨 맥주 많이 마시고 싸고

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6
Q

Chronic kidney dz 의 Urine Albumin creatinine ratio 기준

GRF 기준?

A

UACR > 30 microgram (DM nephropathy도 동일 진단 수치) , GFR 은 60

album over credit crad / Goffee

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7
Q

CKD–mineral bone disorder을 일으키는 증가되는 전해질

A

인

그래서 치료가 phosphate limitation

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8
Q

normal AG acidosis 가 흔한 2가지 경우

A

RTA & diarrhea

Hco3- 를 신장이나 대장에서 버리는거.

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9
Q

Hyperpohosphatemia 는 Ca을 어떻하나? Common causes of hyper Phosphatemia?

A

P는 Ca를 뼈에 잘 침착시켜서 뼈를 튼튼하게 한다…HyperPhosphat는 ca흡착. HypoCalcemia 만든다.

Rhabdo, tumor lysis 도 hyper P
CKD자체도 Hyper P

CA을 올리려고/ P를 내리려고 오는 Hyperparathyroidism 을 secondary parathyroidism 이라고

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10
Q

왜 CKD는 Hypocalcemia

A

Osteoblastic 도 뼈로 가니깐 hypocalcemia/

Vit D active form으로 변환 불가한 CKD는 hypocalcemia를 만들어

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11
Q

contrast induced AKI는 어디손상? 그래서 무슨 cast?

A

ATN

저 흰색 검정색이 컨트라스트의미로 사용

Muddy cast

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12
Q

RPGN 특징

A

rapidly crescenteric
Cresent = loop = lupus

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13
Q

PSGN

A

PSG = 3 letters
Lumpy 3 Bumpy 3 starry sky C3
3 weeks post strepto
type 3 reaction

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14
Q

Good-pastures

A

anti glomerular basement membrane dz. : direct auto Ab to type IV collagen

Two Good 2 pasture : hematuria/hemoptysis
type 2 hypersensitivity
2 organ (lung + kidney)
AB against type IV collagen in GBM (2X2)

위쪽이 벌겋고 멋진 자세로 2개 - 브이를 하고 있다. 그래 lung hemoptysis

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15
Q

Alport

A

eyeport
Kidney Eyes Ears

“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a bee.”

Eye problems (eg, retinopathy, anterior lenticonus), glomerulonephritis, sensorineural deafness;

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16
Q

Wegner’s Granulomatosis 때 증상 ?

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis 이고 vasculitis, smlla vessel vasulitis by auto ab, : upper + lower respiratory tract으로 구멍내고 + hematuria

앙칼진 웨그너 C-ANCA
nasopharynx+ lungs + kidney
Draw a C over stick figure and areas of overlap are ares affected

nephritis - RBC Cast +

웨건 그림.

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (i.e. Wegener’s granulomatosis) →

17
Q

membranous nephropathy 소견

A

dome & spike people who XXX + drugs
mad bro = HBV, HCV

Membrane 처럼 얇은 스파이크 있는 브라입고 Suck some dick to become a member of the club

18
Q

membroproliferative GN

A

Membrano = mad bro = HBV, HCV
Proliferative = fast = tram track appearance = track에 Immune complex deposit

protein + liberate : nephrotic 처럼 protein >3.5 g

C3

Type I may be 2° to hepatitis B or C infection. May also be idiopathic.
Type II is associated with C3 nephritic factore

19
Q

FSG

A

HIV & interferon treatment associated
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in African-Americans and Hispanics 검게 생긴 이름대로
May progress to CKD.

Can be 1° (idiopathic) or 2° to other conditions (eg, HIV infection, sickle cell disease, heroin abuse, massive obesity, interferon treatment, or congenital malformations).

20
Q

IgA nephropathy 의 다른 이름과 전신증상

A

Berger’s dz.
Ig A deposition in GBM fx with HSP

HSP가 콩팜에 가면 Berger가 되는거. 짚단은 Ig A뜻 나무도 A

해먹을 타고 있다. 헤노 쉘렌

Episodic hematuria that usually occurs concurrently with respiratory or

21
Q

Minimal change diease

A

Minimal
kids = mini
feet - minimal part of body

22
Q

ChurgStrauss = 다른 이름과 특징

A

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Microscopic polyangiitis = MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA

음악인들은 앙칼지다. : 웨그너, 스트라우스,

Churg-Strauss syndrome (EOSINOPHILIC granulomatosis with polyangiitis) is likely due to exposure to an unknown allergen, infection, or drug→ atopy and development of p-ANCA antibodies

almost all patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome have asthma

23
Q

pauci immune?

A

깨진게, 부족한게 paucity 이지 빛이 나지 않는 깨진 랜턴 - 웨그너 는 사실 IgG immune 반응같은게 없어서 immunofluoresent 에서 완전 negative 다. 그래서 pauci immune

24
Q

wegner dz. 증상

A

Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and present as chronic sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, with the potential complication of perforation of the nasal septum. Inflammation may also involve mucosal surfaces, with findings like strawberry gums.

Inflammation of the lungs leads to hemoptysis, cough and dyspnea. Chest X-ray will reveal large nodular densities.

Inflammation of the kidneys results in glomerulonephritis, presenting with hematuria. Renal biopsy reveals a rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, with a pauci-immune pattern on immunofluorescence.

GPA is a focal necrotizing vasculitis, with development of granulomas. Patients may have anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) against proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA), also known as cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA).

Treatment involves administration of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.

25
Q

C3,C4 떨어지는 nephritis

A

SLE, MPGN & PSGN

26
Q

NeFritic syndrome : french Fri

A

Nephritic syndrome : french Fri

eating Berger onion ring with Coca-Cola Rapidly at the Airport”

  • Berger = IgA nephropathy
  • Onioin ring = DPGN / SLE (wire looping) 루푸스
  • Coca Cola = PSGN (strep –> cola-colored urine)
  • Rapidly = RPGN
  • Airport = Alport
27
Q

Hyper calcemia 가 오게 하는 이유를 흔한 순서대로 이야기 해봐라.

A
  1. parathyroid adenoma
  2. CKD
  3. Squamous cell Ca.
  4. MM
  5. Breast ca.
  6. TB/ sarcoidosis : granulomatos : vit D를 active foam 으로 바꾸는 호르몬 분비
  7. immobilization / Vit D over intake.
28
Q

Ca/ P/ vit D/ PTH when CKD? 와 그 치료?

A

High PHOod + PTHd up on ladder:
CKD ⇒** hyperphosphatemia + ↓ vitamin D** ⇒ ↓ calcium ⇒ secondary hyperparathyroidism → CKD-MBD => hypercalcemia

CKD is not reversible but P and vitD can. TX is Phosphate restriction an

Evenetually, CKD => hypercalcemia by hyperPTH

29
Q

Hyponatremia 코끼리별 치료

A

거기다가 VAPTAN 은 ADH antagonist

SIADH 치료는 소금 주고 water restriction

30
Q

cysteinuria

A
31
Q

RTA type 4 와 CAH와의 관계? 결과물 전해질?

A

TYpe 4 가 hypoaldosterone 이다. 간단

CAH 21 def 에서 no aldosterone 이므로 RTA 4 가 온다.

aldosterone은 Na를 돋보이고 Husband 와 Kids를 버리는 년.

32
Q

CAH 11 def 결과물

A

11- deoxycorticosterone 을 11-hydroxylase 가 corticosterone으로 바꾸지.

이건 mineralocorticoid effect가 있으므로 Hyperaldosteronism 증상이 온다.

고혈압 + hyper Na + hypo K + alkalosis

그리고 선천적 ambigious genitalis 오겠지.

33
Q

뭔뜻이야

A

androgen 을 제대로 못만드니 estrogen도 없어서 결국 남/여 모두 invove

Male dino sitting on “?” in males, birth with ambiguous (or female-appearing) genitalia (due to decreased testosterone)

여자는 이차성징이 없다.

34
Q

DI 때 소변은 ?

A

구름 위는 Na가 차고 넘치고 아래는 맑은 비가.

Hypernatremia and low urine osmolality

A YT step 3 (17 decks)

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