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A YT step 3 > Step 3 GI > Flashcards

Step 3 GI Flashcards

1
Q

Hepcidin 의 역할과
hereditary hemochromatosis 때 증가/ 감소?

A

Hepcidin은 몸에 철이 많을때 => Fe를 Machrophage나 cell inside로 keep !

hereditary Hemochromatosis 때는 iron sensing고장 => hepcidin 낮다.

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2
Q

hemochromatosis 있는 환자가 ED가 온다 왜?

A

hemochromatosis can cause secondary hypogonadism (due to iron deposition in anterior pituitary)

Tiny male speedo:

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3
Q

MEN 2A/ 2B 공통?

A

pheochromocytoma & Medullary ca

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4
Q

이기 뭐꼬 ,? 와 쓰노?

A

FUnnel plot to decrease publication bias in meta analysis

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5
Q

Risk factor of Barrett’s esophagus?

A

whIte,
over 50 age,
smoking,
central obesity(>100)
GERD for more than 5 years

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6
Q

이건 다 알아야함. 다른 스케치도 있으니 찾아보지

A

스테치바자

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7
Q

SAAG 1.1 above or less?

sagging towel

A

high SAAG (>1.1 g/dL) include congestive heart failure (Choice B), cirrhosis (Choice C), and alcoholic hepatitis (ChoiceE).

low (< 1.1 g/dL) albumin gradient include peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal tuberculosis, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, and serositis.

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8
Q

SAAG가 1.1 이상이라도 CHF 랑 LC 랑 어찌구분?

A

ascitis Protein 닭다리 2.5 항아리 윗쪽은 심장, 아래는 간이네.

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9
Q

LDL 낮추는 bile acid resin medications?

A

Cholestyramine (콜라 스티로폼 컵)
Colestipol (cole 스테플러)
Colesevelam (코울슬로)

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10
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis 는 검사 상? ab? 왜 LC까지 오나/?

A

MRCP: Anti-mitochondrial ab / intrahepatic biliary duct obst으로 LC

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11
Q

fat soluble vitamin

A

A Deck 은 물 위에 있네.

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12
Q

who shouuld repeat colonoscopy every 3 years?

A

3년(연)마다?

teenager 낀 (10mm) 높은 등급 (High grade dysplasia) 의 악당 (villous)이 3 개나 (3 adenoma).

Villous or tubulovillous histology
High-grade dysplasia
Size ≥10 mm
High number (eg, ≥3 adenomas) regardless of histology

repeat colonoscopy in 3 years.

년이 3…

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13
Q

Lactose intolerane 의 Mechanism

A

Lactase는 흡수가 안되서 Galactose랑 glucose로 소화시키지 못하면 설사.

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14
Q

WHy the ascites have high protein >2.5 when it comes to constrictive carditis?

A
  1. normal liver => normal serum protein
  2. The increased pressure even before the liver causes high intraheptaic pressure which push out the protein from liver, ends up leaking protein into the serum.
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15
Q

Budd chiari는 SAAG/ ascites protein?

A

목욕탕 우측 위니깐 SAAG 1.1 이상 , protein 2.5 이상

hepatic vein pressure increase 니까.

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16
Q

목욕탕 그림에서 SBP는 무슨 숫자

A

SAAG 1.1이상 / protein 2.5 이하 / Neutrophil 250 이상

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17
Q

immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase ?

A

Celiac dz. – seal 이 옆에 있네

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18
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy때 electrolyte change/ Tx.

A

Hyper calcemia & Steroid.

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19
Q

HUS 때 피부 문제가 오는게 있나? GI 문제?

A

History of bloody diarrhea ssociated with EHEC or Shigella

Mucocutaneous bleeding Gingival bleeding, menorrhagia, petechiae, epistaxis

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20
Q

LIgament of treitz 넘어서 생긴 ulcer 는 어떻게 해야 하나?

A

ZE syndrome 확인하기 위해 Gastrin level check

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21
Q

Gall stone pancreatitis acute management?

A

ERCP 로 emergecy stone removal 안하면 사망.

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22
Q

Nystatin liquid suspension 은 좌약?

A

그냥 먹는것도 suspension 이라 하네.

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23
Q

Nucleosides vs neucloetide

A

Nucleosides contain only sugar and a base whereas Nucleotides contain sugar, base and a phosphate group as well.

A nucleotide is what occurs before RNA and DNA, while the nucleoside occurs before the nucleotide itself.

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24
Q

worst complication?

A

dengue shock syndrome

basically, 딩고 make capillary permeable => petechia / evere plasma leakage causing shock

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25
Q

central venous catheter + chemotherapy-induced neutropenia ; rapidly progressive, ulcerative skin lesions:

A

ecthyma gangrenosum.

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26
Q

아르테미스?

A

Artemisinins are potent antimalarials which are the first-line treatment for resistant malaria

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27
Q

어디가 portal vein 이고 어디가 hepatic?

A
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28
Q

What is this

A

red uvula, enlarged tonsil with white exudate, sandpaer like (scarlet fever rash like ) rash. is Streptoccoccus A

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29
Q

디즈니 Centor criteria is for what?

A

Centor criteria. 어른에서 pharyngitis 때 strep throat. 에 3점이면 검사 4점이면 empirical tx. => 3개 파이어가 떳네!

Tonsillar exudate 양쪽에 white tonsil

Tender anterior cervical adenopathy 아랫쪽양 길옆에 늘어선 가로등 LN들

Fever fireplay

Absence of cough 앱콧

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30
Q

what happens when bile acid cannot be absorbed well d/t short bowe

A

Bile acids are potent “digestive surfactants” thatpromote absorption of lipids (including fat-soluble vitamins),

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31
Q

2nd syphilis syptoms 은 rash 가 어디에 온다고

A

A widespread maculopapular rash, often involving palms and soles, is characteristic of secondary syphilis

**Condyloma lata **are flat-topped cutaneous lesions that sometimes develop on the genitals during the secondary stage of syphilis

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32
Q

IgA는 뭐처럼 생겼게?

A

사람처럼

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33
Q

Beer potomania

A

euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia (w/ ↓ Uosm)

맥주는 소금기가 거의 없다. = low solute intake

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34
Q

2 things

A

“Don’t do DRUGS, you’ll be HISTORY”:
DRUG-induced lupus may present with anti-HISTONE antibodies (highly specific) (an ANA)

Tired & wrapped joints:
DRUG-induced lupus presents with arthralgias [painful joints and fatigue (no involvement of skin, kidneys, or CNS)

Drug induced SLE: anti-histone ab ++ / only arthritis syptom 만 있단다.

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35
Q

PRimary adrenal insufficiency는 어디 문제
?

A

Autonomic Adrenal gland destruction

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36
Q

Primary adrenal inusfficency vs secondary vs tertiary AI 부족해 지는 호르몬?

A

Primary AI has insufficiency with Sex Hormone & Corticosteroid & Mineralocorticoid H.

하지만 adrenal galnd가 멀쩡한 secondary & tertiary 는? corticosteroid 만 문제 생김.

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37
Q

Adrenal insufficiency test cascade

A

ACTH 결과가 좀 늦다. 그 사이에 아침 cortizol test 해서 정상이 아니라 낮다면, ACTH test (cosyntropin) 주고 잠시뒤 cortizol recheck => primary and secondary 에선 cortizol 낮겠지. => ACTH 결과 도착 => 높다면 primary. 낮다면 secondary

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38
Q

LIthium 부작용

A
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39
Q

각각 뭘까?

A
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40
Q
A

GI malabsorption 때 calcium oxalate stone

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41
Q

AIP 는 뭐가 문제가 생겨서 오는 병?

A

phopho(porche) biliaminogen(billi goat) deaminase (deaminator)

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42
Q

AIP 때 뭐가 쌓이나?

A

ALA(aminolevulinic acid)

porphobilinogen

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43
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda 때 어떤 엔자임 문제?

A

“EURO PORPHE GEN 3” + discarded open cardboard box

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) = ↓ uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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44
Q

뭐고 5가지 정도 이야기해라

A

acute intermittent porphyria

  1. Cytochrome P450 inducers (e.g. OCPs, anti-seizure meds, antibiotics) may precipitate AIP attack
  2. Smoke lines
    Smoking, alcohol, infection, starvation, and fluctuating hormones from menstrual cycles may precipitate AIP attack
  3. AIP = abdominal pain + vomiting
  4. porwine color urine
  5. psychogenic sx.
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45
Q

물고기 피부 때나 팔상박뒤에 오돌도돌 치료?

A

Urea/lactic acid-based cream is a moisturizer that may help break down the hardened protein in dry, scaly skin and relieve these symptoms.

Ichthyosis vulgaris / keratosis pilaris

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46
Q

```

~~~

?

A

젊은 여자

Weeping + split piles + semicolon cloud

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships and self-image, splitting, and recurrent suicidal behaviors or threats of self-harm

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47
Q

손끝에 ulcer + smoking hx + thrombophlebitis 의 pathology + 어느 vessel involve?

A

buerger dz.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans, is a medium vessel vasculitis that is strongly associated with smoking. Classically, the disease is seen in heavy smokers who are young males between the ages of 20 through 40.

Symptoms begin with intermittent claudication (pain with muscle use) and Raynaud phenomenon (fingers blue in the cold due to vasoconstriction). More severe finding include gangrene and autoamputation of the digits. Involvement of the veins presents as superficial nodular thrombophlebitis, which refers to pain and inflammation along veins.

Pathology on biopsy reveals a segmental thrombosing vasculitis with vein and nerve involvement. Smoking cessation is not curative, but it has been shown to slow progression and severity of Buerger disease.

Find Buerger Disease and more Vasculitides among Pixorize’s visual mnemonics for the USMLE Step 1 and NBME Shelf Exams.

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48
Q

phenelzine ?? 언제쓰지?

A

Mouse 잡는 MAOinhibitor

fennel 들고 있다.

depression 때 쓰고, SE는 옆에 serotonin sysnd 마크랑 Hypertensive crisis 가 오네.

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49
Q

닭이나 개만지고 나서 피설사

A

C. jejuni

resides in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and is transmitted to humans primarily via ingestion of contaminated food, particularly undercooked poultry. However, direct contact with domesticated animals (eg, dogs) is another important source of transmission

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50
Q

RUQ pain with bloody diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites containing ingested RBCs in stool

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51
Q

Gastrin 은 어디서 나오고 무슨 역할

A

Pancrease => Gastric juice increase

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52
Q

inflammatory bowel disease 의 주된 치료?

A

**5-aminosalicylates

5-ASA 아싸! 아싸! 아싸 !아싸 !아싸! 유재석씨 UC 어그로를 끌었다 chron!!**

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53
Q

Octreotide 사용 indication?

A

8각형 -> octagone stop sign
sTop somaToSTOPtin

carcinoid tumor
esophagel bleeding멈출때

STOP release of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormones (VIP, gastrin, glucagon, CCK, GH) 여러가지 녀석을 STOp 시킨다.

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54
Q

Barium swallow may show a corkscrew appearance of the esophagus 이때 치료?

A

CCB

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55
Q

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) 로 colon cancer screening from what age and how often?

A

CRC screening in average-risk patients → FIT or gFOBT every year

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56
Q

Bud- chiari is hepatic vein or protal vein?

SAAG 1.1 over or under ?
ascites protein 2.5 over or under?

A

목욕탕 우측 이니까 1.1 이상

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57
Q

something wrong?

A

Eosinophilioc esophagitis

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58
Q

5개쯤 이야기 해봐라.

A

Primary biliary cholangitis 는 intrahepatic duct.
UDCA… 황소자리 우루사가 main treatment
LC and cancer.
Anti-mitochondiral Ab
Jaundice/ xanthelasma/ pruritis

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59
Q

GERD/ dyspepsia/ new constipation 이런 것들은 흔하지만 alarming sign있다면 endos/ colono 검사 해야지.

5개 이상 나열하라.

A

GI bleeding (even occult blood +), wt loss, dysphagia, odynophaiga, IDA, family h/o associated GI cancer.

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60
Q

H.pylori tx. 가 penicillin allergy 있다면

A

원래 3제 요법 : PPI + clarithro + amoxicillin

penicillin allergy 환자는 amoxi => Metronidazole

ammo 없어? 군기빠진놈! 헬기말고 지하철 타고 가라.

PPI + Clearithro + Metronidazol

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61
Q

breath test 3종

A

lactose breath hydrogen test - lactose intolerance
Carbohydrate (lactulose or glucoes) breath test - small intestine bacterial overgrowth
Ureat breath test.

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62
Q

dyspepsia 발생시 endoscopy 필요한 나이 vs conspitatpion 발생시 colonosope 필요한 나이

A

dyspesia: over 60

constpiation : over 50

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63
Q

d

dyspepsia definition over how long /
diarrhea definition over how long

A

Both 1 month over

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64
Q

absorption related IDA? 3종

A

Celiac disease: upper inststine involve => iron absorption reduce.

Surgery: Removing all or part of the stomach (gastrectomy)

Medications: Medications that stop stomach acid production can decrease iron absorption

(Acid helps convert iron into a form that’s easier for the body to absorb)

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65
Q

피검사 결과에 특징
눈에 이걸 뭐라고 ?
진단?
Tx?

A

LAB: copper 증가 & ceruloplasmin 감소

KF ring

Pencillamin: 페니는 구리로 되어 있다. Minimize 한다고 페니cilla미니.

진단이자 치료!!!

Penicillamin challeng test : 페니실라민 주고 24시간 urine에 copper 가 확배출되면 Wilson

Penicillamine can chelate heavy metals such as copper, lead, and mercury

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66
Q

wilson 은 신경학적 심리적으로 어떤 증상?

A

dementia, 구리가 몸에 들어가니 cog wheel ridigity = > parkinson , tremor

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67
Q

wilson 에서는 serum ceruloplasmin이 어떻게 ?

A

Dropped cerulean blue shorts

in Wilson disease, serum ceruloplasmin (normally transports copper in blood) is LOW → increased free serum copper → copper deposits in tissues

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68
Q

당뇨 gastroparesis 때 쓰는 약과 기전과 부작용

A

antagonizing or blocking D2 receptor signaling

metalclawpramide 는 Dress shoe 에 토해버림- D2 Rc blocker

D2 block 하면 dopamine 부족하므로 parkinson 같은 증상으로서 - 혀내밀기 : tardive dyskinesia

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69
Q

PBS vs PSC 위치 다른점?

A
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70
Q

**

primary sclerosing cholangitis 에서 histology

A

양파 수프: Fibrous obliteration of bile ducts with concentric periductal deposition of connective tissue (onion skin–like pattern )
**
gross하게 봐서는 prox이 막히므로 beads on a string** 양상으로 보임.

cf) PBC는 Florid duct lesion (**granulomatous destruction **of small bile ducts)

71
Q
A

.
Kid in clear capsule

eosinophilic esophagitis = associated with dysphagia, food impaction, esophageal rings, strictures, furrows; increased eosinophils on biopsy

72
Q

wilson 때 문제에 가장 많이 나오는 증상?

A

brain 침범: BG involve 로 tremor, parkinson, dementia

LIver 침범: LC

73
Q

선천적으로 bil conjugation 능력이 감소된 2개?

A
74
Q

왜 total parenteral nutrition support 때 GB stone 이 잘오나

A

원래 GB 가 water 흡수해서 concentration 시키는 역할이라

75
Q

pseudogynecomastia 때는 rubbery mass or soft mass ?

A

그냥 살찐거! Soft fatty nontender mass!!

76
Q

esophagus 의 inhibitory myenteric plexus 소실. 진단 tool 은?

A

bird’s beak : achalasia 는 barium swallowing + manometry

77
Q

esophagus issue solid 만 막히는 경우 진단 tool은

A

EGD일단 하면 필요시 Bx 도 할수 있으니

Barium & Manometry 는 Achalasia / DES 때 사용이고 이 놈들은 liquid & solid 다 같이 막힌다.

78
Q

esophagus issue Bx. 이 필요할때?

A

-cancer
-barret esophagus 때 cancer check
-eosionophilic esophagitis

79
Q

cork screw esophagus - diagnostic tool?

A

barium swallowing 으로 알았다면 확진은 manometry

80
Q

엄청 뚱뚱이가 식사할때마다 속이 불편하고 소화도 안되고 ..하면서 왔다. 엑스레이. 치료?

A

Wt loss 먼저

81
Q

AIDS pt has dysphagia, CD4 count is 140. what to give?

A

oral fluconazole - 90%는 candida. nystatin은 oral만.

82
Q

esophageal web 이 보인다면 주야 할 약은

A

iron 을 주면 해소된다.

83
Q

halitosis 가 똥보다 더 심각하다. GI에 나올문제는?

A

Zenker diverticulum

84
Q

Mallory weiss 때 치료?

A

vomiting 해서 오는 스크레치 - perforaton 이 아니다 . suprficial mucosal injury 라서 그냥 NPO 시키면 낫는다.

85
Q

esophagus upper 2/3 vs lower 1/3 cancer

A
86
Q

esophageal ca 의 치료에 core?

A

serosa 가 없어 바로 meta가 되므로 발견하자마자 절제 해버려야함

87
Q

GERD의심되면 next step

A

PPI.
검사 필요없이 PPI 먼저.

cf) acute gastritis 는 endoscope보고 나오는진다.

88
Q

이걸 무슨 LN라 하고 그렇다면 - 떠오를거?

A

gastric cancer
Virchow node 로 가장 먼저 전이

89
Q

식사 하고 나서 증가되는 ulcer /감소하는 ulcer

A

G-G
D-D
그러나 꼭 그렇지만은 않고…참고만

90
Q

ZES 때 electrolyte 검사를 하면 뭐가 걸릴수 있을까?

A

zollinger ellipson
MEN 1 => hypocalcemia

pancreas 쯤에 tumor가 gastrin을 막분비 해서 uncontrolled ulcer

쫄리고 에린 신드롬

91
Q

echinococcus 는 정체가? 왜 걸리나?

A

tape worm.
현재는 그 많은 개들이 원인

92
Q
A
93
Q

celiac dz initial test //

A

tTG-IgA 로 screening- very sensitive

양성이면 bx.

94
Q

celiac dz 때 피부병/ 정신병/ 뼈

A

Dermatitis herpetiform
depression
osteoporosis

95
Q

이게 뭐고…

A

T. whipplei 균들이 Macrophage에 capture 되서 lamina propria 에 쌓인게 PAS+ 라고 bx에 보이는거.

Whipple dz. 는 이것땜에 absorption issue

96
Q

lactase intolerance test?

A

hydrogen breath test

97
Q

IE 환자가 S. bovis 나 나오면 next step?

A

colonoscopy
colon cancer 가 어딘가에 있다는 뜻이지.

98
Q

ischemic colitis 는 어디 많이 온다고

A

L colong 의 splenic flexure 가 watershed area라서 여기
=> bloody diarrhea

99
Q

IBD 중 transmural 이라서 fistula 까지 만드는 거

A

Cross!! Crohn’s Dz
대신 skip lesion: 횡단보도는 듬성듬성

cf) UC: submucosa 까지만 하지만 continous lesion : 인도는 쭉~

100
Q

direct hernia vs indirect 어느것이 inf. epigastric vessel 바깥인가/?

A

in direct = in guinal canal 로 나오지.
Direct 보단 Indirect 가 lateral 로 I - I 비슷해보이지?

101
Q
A
102
Q

UC 에서 초기에 사용하는 치료약?

A

5 ASA (sulfasalazine, mesalazine enema)
5스타 들고 있네

103
Q

다음 보기 중 fever + jaundice + abd pain 있는 놈?

A

Only cholangitis!

cholecystitis 는 막흰게 아니니 jaundice 가 없다.

104
Q

gallstone ileus tx?

A

laparotomy with stone extractipno

105
Q

이론적으로는 acute cholestasis 때 OT/PT/ALP/ bil. 중에 serum에 증가하는거?

A

ALP / Bil

106
Q

anti- HBe AB 가 + 다. 의미하는 바는?

A

an indicator of resolution of acute infection, used to monitor treatment.
Exit & Escape : 탈출하려는 패잔병에 대한 ab

107
Q

LC에서 prognosis 하면 떠오르는 수치?
LC 진단 받으면 받아야할 백신?

A

Albumin 3.5 미만 이면, 정상이하면 Poor prognosis
HAV, HBV, PPSV-23

108
Q
A
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q

다음중 SAAG가 1.1 이상이 아닌것?
LC
RHF
Splenic & portal vein thrombosis
Constrictive pericarditis

A

다. 맞다.

113
Q
A
114
Q

PBC & PSC 에서 비타민 뭐가 def?

A

ADEK

115
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis 는 colon에서는 _____ 이고, 그래서 둘다 모두 _____ Ab가 있지.

A

p-ANCA

116
Q

이거 항체뭐? 피부뭐?

A

PBC
anti-mitochondrial
Xanthoma d/t hyperlipidemia

117
Q

painless jaundice and an enlarged gallbladder (or right upper quadrant mass) 원래 stone 이 막히면 아픈거 아닌가? 이거 왜 이럼?

A

Courvoisier sign : Pancreatic Ca.
GB stone은 cholangitis 를 만들지만 어째선지 Pancreatic Ca는 막아도 별 증상이 없다.

118
Q

pancreatitis poor prognosis?

A

Hypocalcemia

119
Q

D- xylose test 에서 낮게 나오는 설사?

A

Celiac dz 등 malabsorbtion
cf) pancreatitis 때는 정상 흡수됨.

120
Q

lactose intolerance test 가 설사는 없이 방구만 심각할때 적응되나

A

yes.

121
Q

Gastric cancer 가 microcytic anemia 가 왜 오나?

A

occult blood loss - iron def.

122
Q

abd blunt trauma 때 손상 잘 되는 구조물 2가지

A
  1. liver laceration : 원래 그렇지 뭐.
  2. duodenum: 후복벽에 fix 되서 spine사이에 낀다.
123
Q

incidental finding of this in 20 yo woman . what to do ?

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia => observation

central stellate scar 가 특징

124
Q

DM 환자가 다른 증상 아무것도 없는데 OT/PT/ALP 가 높다. GB stone 은 있지만 wall thickening 없고 열도 없다. BMI : 28
??? 치료????

A

Obescity + DM 은

Non alcohol Fatty liver 만든다.

치료는 살빼야 함 왜냐면 LC 로 갈수 있다.

125
Q

Blunt abd trauma 이후 구토해서 초음파하니 free fluid 도 없고 특이 소견 없다. 구토는 계속.

A

Duodenum hematoma 이 부어서 제기능 못하는 거지.
liver laceration 은 liver capsule에 피가 차기때문에 초음파에 free fluid 가 보이지.

126
Q
A
127
Q

HTN, 황달이 있는 환자가 renal artery stenosis, mesenteric artery microaneurysm.

A

PAN: hePANtitis B& C
저기 small beads: microaneuryusm 이 여기저기 오고,

128
Q

incidental finding of GB and duct cyst

A

resection: cancer risk high

129
Q

애한테 오는 dysphagia

A
130
Q

GI 문제중에 간수치 올라가고 involuntary hand jerk

A

wilson

131
Q

LC pt was done EGD. Varices were found. not bleeding. What next?

A
132
Q

In LC pt, what happens because the liver can not get rid of estrogen?

A

spider angioma
palmar erythema
gynecomastia

133
Q

pancreatic tumor 인데 hyperglycemia 가 온다. 일단 생각해야 할것?

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma => pancreas를 부순다.
glucagonoma 이런거 아주 드물다.

134
Q

이때 amniotic fluid 에서 올라가는거

A

AFP

135
Q

elderly LLQ pain ?

A

diverticulitis

136
Q

소아가 stupor + LFT high 로 응급실로 왔다. 최근 UTI hx 지나간거 말곤 깨끗. 뭐지?

A

Reye synd by aspirin
: medication hx check

137
Q

All breast feeding baby need vit ___

q

A

D
Drain 을 잘해야하므로 vit D필요

(사실은 모유엔 vit D없다. )

138
Q

LC pt SBP 때 empirical tx.

A

Triaxone - 3명이 환자를 나르고 있지

Gram negative cover가 제일 필요. 왜냐면 E.coli 땜에

139
Q

CTX 환자들 설사약

A

loperamid

140
Q

IBD 에서 핖부 질환

A

erythema NODOsum

노도와 같은 불길을 쏟아낸다.

141
Q

IBD 피부질환 vs celiac 피부질환

A
142
Q

1.

hyperbilirubinemia 인디 소변에 bilirubin 이 마이 나온다는건?

A

Conjugated bil ; 수용성 ;
Dubin johnson and Rotor synd

143
Q

Dubin johnson synd 때 간이 까맣나?

A

ㅇㅇ conjugated bil 이 secretion 이 안되서 간에 채이는.

U Can Go to C the DR

144
Q

45세부터 10년마다 시작하는 cRC screening 근데 친척에 암? 있으면 어떻게

A

육식계 사용자가 머리에 6모양 숫자를 쓰고 지건발사 스탑.
According to the CDC, if you have a family history of colorectal cancer, you should start colonoscopy screening at age 40, or 10 years earlier than the youngest family member diagnosed with the disease,
1st degreee relative 가 60세 이하에서 CRC면 5년마다. 60세 이상이면 10년으로 동일

145
Q

1.

esophageal varices bleeding 때 약

A

prophylaxis: beta blocker 피뱉는걸 미리 막아라!
active bleeding control: Octreotide

146
Q

1.

A
147
Q

Severe burn injury : PO 가 가능하면 PO feeding 이 무조건 낫다.

T/F

A

True

148
Q

pesudoappenditis?

A

campilobactor or Yersinia 가 RLQ pain 을 잘 보여서 붙은 말

149
Q

딱보면 드는생각

A

meta 구나 colono해야겠구나

150
Q

watery -> b loody diarrea ?

A

EHEC

151
Q

Entamoeba H가 간에 무슨 병변을 만든다?

A

liver abscess - 저기 구멍

152
Q

carcinoid 는…

A
153
Q

cholestyramine 은 언제 왜 쓰나?

A

bile acid diarrhea 때 bile acid 를 bind 하는 역할

LDL 떨어뜨리기도 하고

154
Q

rota virus 걸린애가 bloody diarrhea 가 오네?!

A

intussception

155
Q

이거 뭐임?

A

cecal volvulus /…. 음 나중에 다시 확인

156
Q

Female 에 많은 hernia?

A

F 니깐 Femoral

157
Q

foal nodular hyperfplasia vs hemangioma vs hepatic adenoma
RUQ pain with estrogen like ?

A

hepatic adenoma 지.

157
Q

post gastrectomy diaphoresis with diarrhea ?

A

Dumping synd - 50% of pt
pyloric sphincter dysfx.

조금씩 먹는거 말곤 도리 없다.

158
Q

신생아가 침이 엄청많고 젖빨면 chokcing ?

A

tracheoesophageal fistula

159
Q

ileocecal resection 한 환자에게 일어날 일은? 테스트는 뭐?

A

Bacterial overgrowth
이곳이 colon 에서 small intestine 으로 역류하는 bacteria 를 막아주는 곳.

=> carbohydrate breath test 칼을 대면 오는 케이스이므로 칼

159
Q

HNPCC 가 familal polyp colon cancer와 가장 다른점?

A

LYNCH synd : 런처블을 가져온 HeN PiCniC HNPCC

prox R colon에 cancer가 polyp도 없이 와서발견했을땐 보통 늦었다는거 - 차col 그릴에서 오른쪽부터 채움,
+ 밭에서 양상추 - 오바리 캔서
+ 등에 백팩 - endometrial cancer
+ 피부가 캔서 - 다들 피부가 차콜땜에 더럽다.

160
Q

invoke:

Advance directives (eg, living will, do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate [DNR/DNI] forms) are invoked only when the patient lacks decision-making capacity.

A

법적으로 유용하다. 호출하다.

161
Q
A
161
Q
A
162
Q
A
163
Q
A
163
Q
A
164
Q
A
165
Q
A
166
Q
A
166
Q
A
167
Q
A
168
Q
A
169
Q
A

A YT step 3 (15 decks)

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