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VMS2004 Pathology of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Systems > STEEPLECHASE - MUSCULOSKELETAL > Flashcards

STEEPLECHASE - MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards

1
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Brachygnathia

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2
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Complete palatoschisis

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3
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Prognathia

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4
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Pectus excavatum

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5
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Kyphosis

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6
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Scoliosis

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7
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Block vertebrae

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8
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Butterfly/hemivertebrae

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9
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Lordosis

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10
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Manatee - confined in small aquarium, developed severe scoliosis (lateral deviation)

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11
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Spina bifida in dog

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12
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Mircomelia

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13
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Peromelia

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14
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Notomelia

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15
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Hemimelia

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16
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Amelia

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17
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Polydactyly

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18
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Syndactyly

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19
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Ectrodactyly

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20
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Dactylomegaly

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21
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Adactyly

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22
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23
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Osteogenesis impefecta - lateral deviation in joints, collagen I mutation

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24
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Osteogenesis imperfecta

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25
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26
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Osteopetrosis

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27
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28
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis

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29
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Congenital hyperostosis

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30
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‘Lion jaw’ craniomandibular osteopathy

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31
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Craniomandibular osteopathy ‘Lion jaw’

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32
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Chondrodysplasia

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33
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34
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Disproportionate dwarfism - Grey alpine calf w/ Ellis van Creveld syndrome (chondrodysplasia)

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35
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Manganese deficiency, not congenital, acquired/nutritional deficiency (chondrodysplasia)

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36
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Texel lamb - disproportionate dwarfism, shortened limbs and wide base (chondrodysplasia)

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37
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(Chondrodysplasia)

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38
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Osteochondrosis

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39
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Osteochondrosis latens - well-demarcated area of necrosis of cartilage

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40
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Osteochondrosis manifesta - arrows = associated with areas of foci of necrosis - areas of retained cartilage = hypertrophic chondrocytes

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41
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Osteochondrosis dissecans - arrow pointing to ‘joint mice’

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42
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Vertebral myelopathy

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43
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Dynamic vertebral myelopathy - flexion

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44
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45
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Osteoporosis

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46
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Rickets and osteomalacia

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47
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48
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Head brachygnathia superior

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49
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Dental dysplasia, with small pink-grey barely erupted teeth in a two-week old Holstein calf with osteogenesis imperfecta (right), left = normal calf

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50
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51
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Osteopetrosis

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52
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Cervical vertebral myelopathy “Wobbler syndrome”

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53
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Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in a horse. Flexion of the cervical vertebrae results in stenosis of the spinal canal (asterisk). Flaring of caudal epiphysis (arrowhead), can also contribute to spinal compression

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54
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Cervical vertebral malformation-matriculation in a horse, Osteochondrosis of the articular facet joints can contribute to the intervertebral joint instability

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55
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Osteoporosis

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56
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Osteoporosis

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57
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Osteoporosis

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58
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Osteoporosis

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59
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Costochondral junction, rickets

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60
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Pig, rib, dysplasia

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61
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Fibrous osteodystrophy, “Rubber jaw”

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62
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Fibrous osteodystrophy

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63
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Fibrous osteodystrophy

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64
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Fibrous osteodystrophy

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65
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66
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67
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68
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69
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Congenital porphyria

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70
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Porphyria

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71
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Erythropoietic porphyria

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72
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Exostosis

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73
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Enostosis

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74
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Osteophyte

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75
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Enthesophyte

76
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Hyperostosis

77
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Hypertrophic osteopathy

78
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Bone, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

79
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80
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Osteochondromatosis feline leucopenia

81
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82
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Subchondral cyst

83
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Compression force

84
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Avulsion/distraction forces

85
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Shear forces @ mid diaphysis

86
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Bending forces - two forces opposed to mid-diaphysis

87
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Torsion force - twisting on longitudinal axis

88
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Compound FX

89
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Transverse FX - perpendicular to long axis of bone

90
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Linear FX - parallel to long axis

91
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Oblique non-displaced - tangential (along), remain relatively aligned

92
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Oblique displaced FX

93
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Spiral 3D FX

94
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Greenstick FX - cortical bone, minimal involvement of underlying trabeculae bone

95
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Comminuted FX - severe forces (shatter FX fragments)

96
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97
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98
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Direct or contact healing

99
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Small gap healing

100
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101
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Thorax gunshot perforations

102
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FX fixation devices - wires, screws, plates + intramedullary nails

103
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Epiphysiolysis - dog

104
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Valgus deformity - deviation of limb laterally, damage on lateral aspect

105
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Varus deformity - deviation of limb medially, damage occurred on medial aspect of physis

106
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Sesamoid FX

107
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Sesamoid FX

108
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109
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Chronic pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in cow - Actinomyces bovis = lumpy jaw

110
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Sequestrum in a foal with Salmonella osteomyelitis

111
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Suppurative vertebral osteomyelitis in pig, usually Streptococcus suis

112
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Highly suggestive histologic feature = Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (intense eosinophilic material)

113
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114
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115
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116
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117
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118
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Bone osteomyelitis physis

119
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Bone abscess

120
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Large dog breeds

121
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Panosteitis in a German Shepherd dog. Patchy foci of increased bone density within the medullary cavity (arrows)

122
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Panosteitis

123
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124
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Aseptic necrosis

125
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Cachexia (atrophy)

126
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Muscle atrophy

127
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Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) - ‘pot belly’ due to abdominal muscle atrophy

128
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Left superficial cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle in horse - denervation atrophy

129
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Compensatory response to injury

130
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Vacuolar change

131
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Internal nuclei

132
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Whorled and ring fibres

133
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134
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Distinct groups of atrophic and hypertrophic fibres in child w/ spinal muscular atrophy, hypertrophic fibres up to 100 micrometres

135
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Atrophy restricted to darkly stained type 2 fibres induced by steroid therapy

136
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ATPase staining following preincubation at pH 4.3 showing atrophy selectively affecting darkly stained type 1 fibres in a case of myotubular myopathy + hypertrophy of pale type 2 fibres

137
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Internal nuclei (arrow) within fibres of varying size, Duchenne muscular dystrophy

138
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Chain of internal nuclei in longitudinally sectioned fibre 48 micrometres in diameter

139
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A

An area of multiple splitting = small cluster of fibres

140
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A

Hypertrophic fibres w/ multiple internal splits - Duchenne muscular dystrophy, small arrow = nuclei along splits, variation in fibre size due to branching of fibres (large arrow)

141
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Whorled fibre w/ twisted myofibrils

142
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143
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144
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145
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Segmental necrosis

146
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Segmental necrosis

147
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Segmental necrosis

148
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Muscle necrosis and regeneration

149
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Muscle regeneration - myotubule grows + differentiates + develops sarcomeres (striation) and nuclei move to the periphery (requires intact basal lamina)

150
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151
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152
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Arthrogryposis - failure of innervation of muscles

153
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Hypermuscular Belgian blue bull

154
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Splay leg in pigs, myofibrillar hypoplasia

155
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156
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Muscle dystrophy

157
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Myotonia (channelopathies) - inability of skeletal muscle to relax

158
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159
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Splay leg syndrome

160
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Muscle - lumbar porcine stress syndrome, malignant hyperthermia

161
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162
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163
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Degenerative myopathy - disturbance of circulation -> saddle thrombus

164
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Degenerative myopathy - disturbance of circulation

165
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166
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Ischaemic muscle necrosis - cow

167
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Rear leg muscle - coagulative necrosis of cow

168
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169
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White muscle disease, selenium and vit E deficiency

170
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White muscle selenium deficiency

171
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Toxic myopathy - monophasic/polyphasic necrosis

172
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173
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Myodegeneration - cassia toxicity

174
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Exertional myopathy

175
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Exertional myopathy or ‘capture myopathy’ in wild animals

176
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Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

177
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Myositis ossificans

178
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Suppurative myositis

179
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A

Inflammatory diseases

180
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A

Clostridium chauvoei, clostridial myositis

181
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Pyogenic bacteria, localised suppurative + necrotising myositis - injection site in a cow

182
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Inflammatory disease

183
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A
184
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FMDV - pale multifocal, irregular, linear stripping (piglet)

185
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186
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VMS2004 Pathology of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Systems (39 decks)

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