Respiratory Fungi Flashcards
What are the features of fungi seen grossly/histologically? (Slides 4 to 8) (10)
- Hyphae (filaments)
- Yeasts
- Septate = divisions
- Non-spetate
- Budding - new yeast forming off original yeast + going externally (outside)
- Endosporulation - bigger cyst w/ little yeasts budding inside the same structure and enlarging into the centre
- Broad-based budding
- Narrow-based budding
- Pigmented
- Non-pigmented - purple background from H&E stain
What is Aspergillus fumigatus and what diseases does it cause? (3)
- Ubiquitous environmental fungus, factors predisposing to disease following inhalation are not clear (immunosuppression not usually a factor)
- Mycotic rhinitis
- Pulmonary aspergillosis
What is mycotic rhinitis? (6)
Mycotic rhinitis - diagnosis and gross pathology (5)
How does Aspergillus fumigatus appear histologically?
What is pulmonary aspergillosis (2)
What is Blastomyces dermatitidis? (2)
- Thermally dimorphic fungus - infectious, noncontagious disease of dogs and humans, reported in cats, horses, ferrets, less common in other species
- Primarily in North America, especially river valleys and Great Lakes basin, sporadic occurrences elsewhere
Blastomyces dermatitidis pathogenesis (6)
Blastomyces dermatitidis - gross pathology and differentials (3)
Blastomyces dermatitidis disseminated lesions (4)
Blastomyces dermatitidis - diagnosis (4)
What is cryptococcosis and what lesions does it produce? (4)
Cryptococcus pathogenesis (5)
What is cryptococcus neoformans? (2)
- Temperate climates, found in soil and bird droppings
- Most common in dogs, usually requires immunosuppression for lesions
What is cryptococcus gatti? (2)
- Formerly considered tropical but now wider distribution including Pacific Northwest
- Most common in cats, causes disease in immunocompetent animals
Cryptococcosis - diagnosis (3)
What is Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) (5)
Coccidioidomycosis pathogenesis and diagnosis (4)
Coccidioidomycosis - lesions (4)
What is Pneumocystis carinii and its pathogenesis? (6)
Pneumocystis carinii - histopathology (4)
Pneumocystis carinii - gross pathology and diagnosis (3)
What is Entomopthoromycosis? (3)
Entomopthoromycosis - lesions and differentials (5)
Entomopthoromycosis - pathogenesis (4)
What is Pythium insidiosum (3)
What is Rhinosporodoum seeberi and the gross lesions it produces? (4)
What is Mortierella wolfi? (4)
- In cows
- Acute fatal mycotic pneumonia secondary to placental infection
- Fibrinonecrotic pneumonia within a few days of parturition or abortion,
due to haematogenous spread as the placenta detaches (embolic pattern in lungs) - Rare outside New Zealand
What is Emmonsia sp. (5)
- Adiasporomycosis, mostly wild rodents but sometimes domestic animals
- Dimorphic fungus related to blastomycosis
- Granulomatous lesions in lungs, sometimes lymph nodes
- Diagnosed by finding large (300 μm), spherical, uninucleate adiaspores
- Thick PAS-positive wall (magenta satining), does not endosporulate
Which other fungi can be occasional opportunists in cows? (2)
Mucor and Rhizopus sp. - cause caseous necrosis or granulomatous inflammation
What is Histoplasma capsulatum?
Can cause pulmonary lesions, found in contaminated soil
What can cause a granulomatous reaction in dogs?
When they inhale spores from puffball mushrooms (just foreign bodies, not infectious so no inflammation associated)
