STEEPLECHASE - MUSCOLOSKELETAL II Flashcards

Dotted circle = gomphosis (fibrous joint)

Sutures (fibrous joint)

Syndemosis (fibrous joint)

Synchondrosis (temporary) (cartilaginous joint)

Symphysis (cartilaginous joint)

Synovial (diarthrodial joint)

Normal synovial fluid

Synovial fluid - inflammatory joint effusion

Synovial fluid - purulent joint effusion

Synovial fluid - bloody joint effusion

Intervertebral discs


Intervertebral discs


Intervertebral disc


Marked chondrone formation secondary to osteochondrosis in the articular cartilage of a horse

Normal synovial membrane

Synovial villous hyperplasia





Synovial pannus

Synovial pannus

Synovial fossae - horse talus

Synovial fossae - goat tail

Degenerative joint disease

Lesion progression of DJD


Early DJD - loss of proteoglycans and exposure of collagen loops = roughening and fibrillation of cartilage



Cow - carpometacarpal joint, sclerosis (localised area of radiodensity)

Cartilage and sclerosis of underlying bone




Eburnation


Fetlock erosion


DJD




Spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA)







Ossification of the cartilage of hoof (sidebone) of Yenikapi Byzantine horses

Bog spavin

Bog spavin

Navicular syndrome

Bog spavin:
- Enlarged medial side of tarsus
- Fusion of medial surfaces of central and third tarsal bones
3-4 Early and late histological changes.

Navicular bone in excellent condition - homogenous articular arteries



Dog - healthy knee

Arthritic knee, dog

Navicular arthritis



Vertebrae intervertebral disc rupture spinal cord

Vertebrae intervertebral disc rupture spinal cord





Intervertebral disc disease


IVDD


Spondylosis


Osteochondrosis





Osteochondrosis dissecans - flap of cartilage formed by a dissecting band of necrosis and separation extending along the deep growth cartilage and communicating with the articular surface


Osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis dissecans

Osteochondrosis dissecans in dog - focus of articular cartilage encircled by fissures forming a partially attached flap

Osteochondrosis dissecans - 6 m/o foal extensive under-running and displacement of articular cartilage on lateral trochlear ridge, many small cartilage nodules represent attempts at repair

Osteochondrosis in horse - subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle

Cervical vertebral myelopathy (‘Wobbler syndrome’)




Cervical vertebral myelopathy (‘Wobbler syndrome’)

Cervical vertebral myelopathy (‘Wobbler syndrome’)


Hip dysplasia - lack of conformity between femoral head and acetabulum


Mild hip dysplasia


Severe hip dysplasia


Early hip dysplasia


Late hip dysplasia


Late hip dysplasia


Hip dysplasia


Atlantoaxial subluxation


Patellar luxation


Horse - lateral luxation

Infectious inflammatory joint disease

Inflammatory joint disease - infectious

Acute synovitis with neutrophils emerging from capillaries and migrating into joint cavity

Acute serosanguinous arthritis in foal (infectious haematogenous inflammatory joint disease)

Chronic fibrinous arthritis in goat (Infectious haematogenous inflammatory joint disease)

Fibrinous arthritis

Serofibrinous arthritis - tibiotarsal joint, foal - opened joint reveals inc amounts of cloudy, yellow, synovial fluid (asterisk) characteristic of serofibrinous arthritis of non-specific cause - synovial proliferation (arrow) indicates some degree of chronicity

Acute fibrinous arthritis, bone, tibial tarsal joint (hock), calf - joint space is distended by layers of yellowish-brown fibrin that coat the synovial surface (arrow) of the joint capsule; articular cartilage is white and glistening

Chronic fibrinous (active) synovitis, erysipelas, stifle joint, pig. Chronic arthritis caused by erispelothrix rhusiopathiae -> villous hypertrophy (arrows) of synovial membrane. Tips of some villi are haemorrhagic and necrotic

Destruction of articular cartilage by inflammatory exudate - the destruction of articular cartilage by hydrolytic proteases of inflammatory cells and inflammatory serum proteins

Severe purulent osteoarthritis/synovitis - carpal-metacarpal joint

Suppurative/purulent arthritis


Degenerate neutrophils - suppurative/purulent arthritis, septic arthritis (bacteria)

Non-degenerate neutrophils - suppurative/purulent arthritis = mycoplasma, Borrelia, some other viruses

Diskospondylitis

Diskospondylitis


Early diskospondylitis

Late diskospondylitis

Streptococcal arthritis in pig - synovium is ulcerated, infiltrated by neutrophils and covered with fibrin

Erysipelothrix arthritis in a pig - marked synovial hyperplasia in stifle joint

Mycoplasma mycoides arthritis in goat kid, synovium is inflamed and hyperplastic with a thick fibrinosupprative exudate attached to the surface

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis - infiltration of the synovium and hypertrophy of synoviocytes on the surface

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)


Avian reovirus - lymphoplasmacytic and firbinous tenosynovitis


Fungi



Fistulous withers - lesions easily 2^y contaminated/infected, need to be taken care of immediately

Poll evil

Chronic carpal bursitis in a sheep - thickened fibrous wall surrounding numerous fibrin concretions

Elbow hygroma in a dog - wall composed of granulation tissue in which lining cells resemble synoviocytes

Adventitious bursae



Erosive arthritis synovitis

Cranial-caudal radiographic view of stifle of dog w/ erosive immune arthritis. Arrow = early erosive lesion on femoral condyle

Non-erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis - shar pei fever



Small breed dog with bilateral luxation of carpi and tarsi and walks plantigrade (on soles of feet) (Canine Rheumatoid arthritis)

Reddened, hairless skin over metacarpus due to chronic licking that warm the joints and provides some relief from chronic pain (canine rheumatoid arthritis)

Canine Rheumatoid Arthritis - chronic erosive polarthritis

Canine Rheumatoid Arthritis - chronic erosive polarthritis

Pannus - rheumatoid-like arthritis, proximal radius and ulna, dog

Fibrovascular repair tissue (pannus) is seen arising from the synovium (left) and growing onto the surface of the articular cartilage (arrows), which is relatively undamaged at the stage of the disease

Pannus originating from the synovium (left) is invading destroying the articular cartilage (arrows) and subchondral bone (s). Macrophages and other chronic (mononuclear) inflammatory cells

Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis, “Periosteal proliferative form”



Idiopathic polyarthritis - medium/larger dogs; most common form of ANA-negative polyarthritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus - cyclic deposition of circulating immune complexes in synovium provoke cyclic synovitis that cannot sustain a destructive pannus



Non-erosive (non-deforming) poly arthritis - carpal bones with intact articular margins

Non-erosive (non-deforming) polyarthritis - minimal synovitis and marginal pannus has not eroded joint margins







Synovial myxoma


Synovial chondromatosis

Synovial cyst



















Leiomyosarcoma of ileocaecal junction





Osteosarcoma


Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma