STEEPLECHASE - MUSCOLOSKELETAL II Flashcards
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Dotted circle = gomphosis (fibrous joint)
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Sutures (fibrous joint)
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Syndemosis (fibrous joint)
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Synchondrosis (temporary) (cartilaginous joint)
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Symphysis (cartilaginous joint)
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Synovial (diarthrodial joint)
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Normal synovial fluid
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Synovial fluid - inflammatory joint effusion
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Synovial fluid - purulent joint effusion
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Synovial fluid - bloody joint effusion
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Intervertebral discs
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Intervertebral discs
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Intervertebral disc
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Marked chondrone formation secondary to osteochondrosis in the articular cartilage of a horse
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Normal synovial membrane
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Synovial villous hyperplasia
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Synovial pannus
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Synovial pannus
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Synovial fossae - horse talus
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Synovial fossae - goat tail
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Degenerative joint disease
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Lesion progression of DJD
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Early DJD - loss of proteoglycans and exposure of collagen loops = roughening and fibrillation of cartilage
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Cow - carpometacarpal joint, sclerosis (localised area of radiodensity)
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Cartilage and sclerosis of underlying bone
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Eburnation
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Fetlock erosion
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DJD
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Spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA)
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Ossification of the cartilage of hoof (sidebone) of Yenikapi Byzantine horses
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Bog spavin
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Bog spavin
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Navicular syndrome
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Bog spavin:
1. Enlarged medial side of tarsus
2. Fusion of medial surfaces of central and third tarsal bones
3-4 Early and late histological changes.
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Navicular bone in excellent condition - homogenous articular arteries
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Dog - healthy knee
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Arthritic knee, dog
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Navicular arthritis
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Vertebrae intervertebral disc rupture spinal cord
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Vertebrae intervertebral disc rupture spinal cord
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Intervertebral disc disease
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IVDD
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Spondylosis
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Osteochondrosis
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Osteochondrosis dissecans - flap of cartilage formed by a dissecting band of necrosis and separation extending along the deep growth cartilage and communicating with the articular surface
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Osteochondrosis
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Osteochondrosis dissecans
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Osteochondrosis dissecans in dog - focus of articular cartilage encircled by fissures forming a partially attached flap
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Osteochondrosis dissecans - 6 m/o foal extensive under-running and displacement of articular cartilage on lateral trochlear ridge, many small cartilage nodules represent attempts at repair
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Osteochondrosis in horse - subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle
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Cervical vertebral myelopathy ('Wobbler syndrome')
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Cervical vertebral myelopathy ('Wobbler syndrome')
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Cervical vertebral myelopathy ('Wobbler syndrome')
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Hip dysplasia - lack of conformity between femoral head and acetabulum
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Mild hip dysplasia
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Severe hip dysplasia
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Early hip dysplasia
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Late hip dysplasia
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Late hip dysplasia
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Hip dysplasia
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Atlantoaxial subluxation
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Patellar luxation
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Horse - lateral luxation
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Infectious inflammatory joint disease
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Inflammatory joint disease - infectious
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Acute synovitis with neutrophils emerging from capillaries and migrating into joint cavity
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Acute serosanguinous arthritis in foal (infectious haematogenous inflammatory joint disease)
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Chronic fibrinous arthritis in goat (Infectious haematogenous inflammatory joint disease)
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Fibrinous arthritis
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Serofibrinous arthritis - tibiotarsal joint, foal - opened joint reveals inc amounts of cloudy, yellow, synovial fluid (asterisk) characteristic of serofibrinous arthritis of non-specific cause - synovial proliferation (arrow) indicates some degree of chronicity
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Acute fibrinous arthritis, bone, tibial tarsal joint (hock), calf - joint space is distended by layers of yellowish-brown fibrin that coat the synovial surface (arrow) of the joint capsule; articular cartilage is white and glistening
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Chronic fibrinous (active) synovitis, erysipelas, stifle joint, pig. Chronic arthritis caused by erispelothrix rhusiopathiae -\> villous hypertrophy (arrows) of synovial membrane. Tips of some villi are haemorrhagic and necrotic
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Destruction of articular cartilage by inflammatory exudate - the destruction of articular cartilage by hydrolytic proteases of inflammatory cells and inflammatory serum proteins
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Severe purulent osteoarthritis/synovitis - carpal-metacarpal joint
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Suppurative/purulent arthritis
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Degenerate neutrophils - suppurative/purulent arthritis, septic arthritis (bacteria)
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Non-degenerate neutrophils - suppurative/purulent arthritis = mycoplasma, Borrelia, some other viruses
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Diskospondylitis
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Diskospondylitis
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Early diskospondylitis
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Late diskospondylitis
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Streptococcal arthritis in pig - synovium is ulcerated, infiltrated by neutrophils and covered with fibrin
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Erysipelothrix arthritis in a pig - marked synovial hyperplasia in stifle joint
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Mycoplasma mycoides arthritis in goat kid, synovium is inflamed and hyperplastic with a thick fibrinosupprative exudate attached to the surface
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Caprine arthritis-encephalitis - infiltration of the synovium and hypertrophy of synoviocytes on the surface
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Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)
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Avian reovirus - lymphoplasmacytic and firbinous tenosynovitis
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Fungi
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Fistulous withers - lesions easily 2^y contaminated/infected, need to be taken care of immediately
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Poll evil
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Chronic carpal bursitis in a sheep - thickened fibrous wall surrounding numerous fibrin concretions
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Elbow hygroma in a dog - wall composed of granulation tissue in which lining cells resemble synoviocytes
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Adventitious bursae
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Erosive arthritis synovitis
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Cranial-caudal radiographic view of stifle of dog w/ erosive immune arthritis. Arrow = early erosive lesion on femoral condyle
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Non-erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis - shar pei fever
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Small breed dog with bilateral luxation of carpi and tarsi and walks plantigrade (on soles of feet) (Canine Rheumatoid arthritis)
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Reddened, hairless skin over metacarpus due to chronic licking that warm the joints and provides some relief from chronic pain (canine rheumatoid arthritis)
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Canine Rheumatoid Arthritis - chronic erosive polarthritis
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Canine Rheumatoid Arthritis - chronic erosive polarthritis
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Pannus - rheumatoid-like arthritis, proximal radius and ulna, dog
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Fibrovascular repair tissue (pannus) is seen arising from the synovium (left) and growing onto the surface of the articular cartilage (arrows), which is relatively undamaged at the stage of the disease
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Pannus originating from the synovium (left) is invading destroying the articular cartilage (arrows) and subchondral bone (s). Macrophages and other chronic (mononuclear) inflammatory cells
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Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis, "Periosteal proliferative form"
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Idiopathic polyarthritis - medium/larger dogs; most common form of ANA-negative polyarthritis
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Systemic lupus erythematosus - cyclic deposition of circulating immune complexes in synovium provoke cyclic synovitis that cannot sustain a destructive pannus
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Non-erosive (non-deforming) poly arthritis - carpal bones with intact articular margins
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Non-erosive (non-deforming) polyarthritis - minimal synovitis and marginal pannus has not eroded joint margins
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Synovial myxoma
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Synovial chondromatosis
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Synovial cyst
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Leiomyosarcoma of ileocaecal junction
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
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Osteosarcoma
