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VMS2004 Pathology of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Systems > Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Mycobacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex - species examples

(7)

A
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Mycobacterium africanum
  • Mycobacterium microti
  • Mycobacterium canetti
  • Mycobacterium caprae
  • Mycobacterium pinnipedi
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2
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex - examples of species (4)

A
  • Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium
  • Mycobacterium hominissuis
  • Mycobacterium intracellulare
  • Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
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3
Q

Examples of mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (15)

A
  • Mycobacterium flavescens
  • Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
  • Mycobacterium gordonae
  • Mycobacterium kansasii
  • Mycobacterium malmoense
  • Mycobacterium terrae
  • Mycobacterium leprae
  • Mycobacterium marinum
  • Mycobacterium xenopi
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis
  • Mycobacterium phlei
  • Mycobacterium fortuitum
  • Mycobacterium vaccae
  • Mycobacterium chelonae
  • Mycobacterium ulcerans
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4
Q

Basic background info on mycobacteria - taxonomy, characteristics, staining (4)

A
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5
Q

Mycobacteria membrne structure (3)

A
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6
Q

What diseases are caused by mycobacteria? (2)

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • Mycobacteriosis
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7
Q

Which mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis (2)

A
  • M. bovis
  • M. tuberculosis
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8
Q

Which mycobacteria species cause mycobacteriosis? (4)

A
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9
Q

What are non-tuberculous species? (3)

A
  • Usually affect immunocompromised hosts
  • Lymphadenitis, lung lesions resembling tuberculosis
  • Skin lesions from infection of wounds
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10
Q

What is M. avium?

A

Most commonly causes mycobacteriosis in birds, but sometimes cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, primates

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11
Q

What is M. tuberculosis?

A

Mostly seen in humans but sometimes pigs, primates, dogs, cats, cattle, psittacine birds

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12
Q

What is M. bovis?

A

Persists in soil, can remain infective for weeks (hardy) - high doses needed for oral transmission so environmental contamination is not an important means of transmission - badgers + cattle

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of mycobacteria? (3)

A
  • Early infection - bacteria are phagocytosed by macrophages and may be eliminated
  • If not, infected macrophages persist at the site of infection for a long time before the disease progresses
    • Release TNF-α, IL-12, and cytokines to recruit other macrophages and lymphocytes
    • IL-12 drives a type I immune response (cell-mediated)
  • Lymphocytes activate the macrophages, which become epithelioid or form MNGCs (multinucleated giant cells)
    • Helps overcome the blockage of phagolysosome fusion
    • Promotes formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
    • Promotes lysosomal enzyme production
  • Cell-mediated immunity is detectable via skin test at 14-28 days post-infection
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14
Q
A

Epithelioid macrophages - lots of cytoplasm + indistinct borders (pathogenesis)

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15
Q
A

Multinucleated giant cell - usually Langhans type (nuclei ar periphery) = horse-shoe shape (pathogenesis)

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16
Q

What is a tuberculoid granuloma? (4)

A
17
Q

What are tubercles? - Gross morphology of tuberculoid granuloma (5)

A
18
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for tuberculoid granulomas? (6)

A
  • Cestodes
  • Fungi
  • Bacterial
  • Foreign body pyogranuloma
  • Abscesses
  • Neoplasia
19
Q
A

Tuberculoid granuloma

20
Q

Mycobacterium bovis hosts (4)

A
  • Cattle
  • Humans
  • Deer
  • Pigs
21
Q

Mycobacterium bovis reservoir hosts (8)

A
22
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - dead-end hosts and how they are infected (6)

A
23
Q

Mycobacterium - geography (3)

A
24
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - clinical presentation (2)

A
25
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions (5)

A
26
Q

Respiratory lesions of mycobacterium bovis (4)

A
27
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - generalised lesions (3)

A
28
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of cervids (4)

A
29
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of carnivores (5)

A
30
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of camelids (3)

A
31
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of horses (2)

A
  • Usually alimentary, lesions in retropharyngeal and mesenteric LNs, intestine (GIT)
  • Tubercles can look more solid and resemble sarcomas
32
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of small ruminants

A

Uncommon, often form cavitary lesions with lots of bacilli

33
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - lesions of pigs (2)

A
  • Often systemic, M. bovis looks similar to cattle
  • M. avium looks more like proliferative lesions of TB in horses
34
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - diagnosis (2)

A
35
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - active and passive management (5)

A
36
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is produced by mycobacteria?

A

Type IV - T-cells, macrophages

37
Q

What are purified protein derivatives? (6)

A
38
Q

Mycobacterium bovis - UK management (3)

A

VMS2004 Pathology of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Systems (39 decks)

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