Diseases of the Vessels II

Question 1

What are the different types of viral vasculitis? (4)

Answer 1

• Equine viral arteritis (EVA) - notifiable
• African horse sickness (AHS) - notifiable
• African swine fever (ASF) - notifiable
  
  • Classical swine fever (hog cholera) (CSF) - notifiable

Question 2

What is equine viral arteritis (EVA) - how does it spread, carriers, infection, what damage does it cause? (4)

Answer 2

Notifiable disease

Question 3

What are the clinical symptoms of equine viral arteritis (EVA), how does it appear grossly, histologically and how is it diagnosed? (4)

Answer 3

Question 4

What is African horse sickness virus? - vector, what does it affect, different types? (6)

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the different forms of African horse sickness virus? (5)

Answer 5

Question 6

What is African swine fever virus? - what types of virus, what does it affect, location of outbreak, symptoms? (7)

Answer 6

Question 7

How does African swine fever cause disease and what are the different types and the clinical signs? (9)

Answer 7

Question 8

How does African swine fever appear grossly? (5)

Answer 8

Question 9

How does African swine fever appear histologically? (3)

Answer 9

Question 10

What is classical swine fever virus? - what does it affect, what are the different types, what sort of infection does it produce, where does it persist, how is it spread, how is it diagnosed? (7)

Answer 10

Question 11

What cells does classical swine fever affect and how does this cause disease? - how is it spread? (6)

Answer 11

Question 12

What does acute classical swine fever involve? - how does it enter, where does it replicate, viraemia, clinical signs and lesions? (4)

Answer 12

Question 13

How does classical swine fever appear grossly and histologically? (3)

Answer 13

• Brain grossly normal
• Histo - mononuclear vascular cuffs, endothelial swelling
• Fibrinoid vascular necrosis especially in lymphoid tissue, microscopic infarction, renal tubular degeneration

Question 14

Classical swine fever - in utero, chronic and late onset infection. (4)

Answer 14

Question 15

What bacterial disease cause vasculitis? (2)

Answer 15

• Heartwater (cowdriosis) - Ehrlichia ruminantium - tickborne (Amblyomma spp.) (Rickettsial)
• Rocky mountain spotted fever - Rickettsia rickettsii, tickborne (Dermacentor spp.)

Question 16

What is heartwater (cowdriosis)? - which species does it affect, location, where does it replicate, lesions, forms? (8)

Answer 16

Question 17

What is Rocky Mountain spotted fever? - name of bacteria species, vector, what does it infect, where does it replicate, treatment, clinical signs, gross appearance, diagnosis. (8)

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the types of venous disease and anomalies - what do they predispose to? (4)

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

How does thrombosis lead to venous disease? - types of thrombosis depending on inflammation present (3)

Answer 20

Question 21

Spontaneous thrombosis - why, where, other notes?

Answer 21

Unknown, VC, portal vein

Question 22

Neoplastic thrombosis - why, where, other notes?

Answer 22

Tumour invasion, anywhere, phaeochromocytoma into VC

Question 23

Nephrotic syndrome (dogs) - why, where, other notes?

Answer 23

Antithrombin III lost in urine, renal vein, VC

Question 24

Downer syndrome (cows) - why, where, other notes?

Answer 24

>4-6 hours recumbent (poor prognosis if down for long time), femoral vein (hindlimb), venous infarction of muscles and sciatic nerves causes permanent paraplegia

Question 25

Stomach venous infarction (pigs) - why, where, other notes?

Answer 25

Septicaemia, gastric veins

Question 26

Endophlebitis

Answer 26

Bacteraemia, irritant injections, omphalitis, anywhere

Question 27

Toxic thrombosis (horses) - why, where, other notes?

Answer 27

Phenylbutazone toxicity, anywhere, often see GI ulceration and renal papillary necrosis as well

Question 28

Where does inflammation commonly extend and how are emboli produced and what can this lead to? (3)

Answer 28

Question 29

What is lymphatic disease + lymphoedema - primary, secondary? (7)

Answer 29

Question 30

What are the congenital lymphatic diseases? (2)

Answer 30

• Congenital hereditary lymphoedema
• Lymphocoele

Question 31

What is congenital hereditary lymphoedema? (5)

Answer 31

Question 32

What is a lymphocoele? (2)

Answer 32

Question 33

What are the dilation/rupture lymphatic diseases? (2)

Answer 33

• Lymphangiectasis
• Chylothorax

Question 34

What is lymphangiectasis and intestinal lymphangiectasis? (3)

Answer 34

Question 35

What is a chylothorax? (3)

Answer 35

Question 36

What are the different types of inflammatory lymphatic diseases? (4)

Answer 36

• Lymphangitis
  
  • Thrombotic
  • Granulomatous
  • Nodular ulcerating
• Sporadic
• Ulcerative
• Epizootic

Question 37

What are the different types of lymphangitis, species affected and causes? (3)

Answer 37

Question 38

What is sporadic lymphangitis? (5)

Answer 38

Question 39

What is ulcerative lymphangitis? (3)

Answer 39

Question 40

Ulcerative lymphangitis in cattle (3)

Answer 40

Question 41

What is epizootic lymphangitis? (6)

Answer 41

Question 42

What are the different vascular neoplasms? (2)

Answer 42

Question 43

What is a hamartoma and telangiectasis? (2)

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the benign vascular neoplasms? (3)

Answer 44

Question 45

What are haemangiosarcomas? (8)

Answer 45

Question 46

How does malignant vascular neoplasia appear histologically? (4)

Answer 46

Question 47

What are lymphangiosarcoma and intravascular lymphoma? (2)

Answer 47