Standardized Tests Ch 7

Question 1

What is the purpose of standardized assessments

Answer 1

Screening
Determination of a medical or educational diagnosis
Document a child’s developmental, functional, and participation status
Aid in planning an intervention program
Measure outcomes of programs

Question 2

How do we become competent test users?

Answer 2

Choose appropriate test
Learning test and clinical usefulness
Selecting optimal test environment
Administering test items

Question 3

PREPARATION & SKILL DEV. FOR ADMINISTERING STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS

Answer 3

Strategic interview
Skilled observation
Consideration of context and environment

Question 4

TYPES OF STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS

Answer 4

Ipsative
Norm-referenced
Interview-based
Observation-based
Performance-based
Self or parent-report questionnaire

Question 5

Large diverse population.
Norm or average is derived from scores.
Performance is compared with a normal sample.
One or more areas of behavior.
Materials and activities are familiar and typical for children of the age group.
Strict standardized protocols for administration and scoring.

These fall into what type of standardized assessment?

Answer 5

Norm-referenced

Question 6

Criterion-referenced assessment

Answer 6

Performance is compared with a particular criterion or level of performance of a certain skill.
The purpose is to determine what skills a child can or cannot accomplish, not to compare the child with his/her peers.
Administration and scoring may or may not be standardized.
Certain scales are both norm and criterion referenced.

Question 7

Test manual — Purpose, population, technical information, administration, scoring, and interpretation
Fixed number of items
Fixed protocol for administration
Fixed guideline for scoring

Answer 7

Characteristics of standardized tests

Question 8

Types of scores

Answer 8

Z Score
T Scores
Deviation IQ scores
Developmental index scores
Percentile
Age equivalent

Question 9

Descriptive statistics
Normal curve
Computing the mean
Computing the variance
Computing a standard deviation
When is a median more appropriate?

Answer 9

Technical application of standardized assessments

Question 10

Hierarchic ranking
Expected pattern

Answer 10

RASCH SCORES
PERCENTILE SCORES & AGE EQUIVALENTS

Question 11

Reliability
Test-retest reliability
Inter-rater reliability
Standard error of measurement
Confidence interval

Answer 11

PSYCHOMETRICS

Question 12

Validity
Construct-related validity
Use of factor analysis to identify test constructs
Content-related validity
Criterion-related validity

Answer 12

Technical aspects of standardized assessments

Question 13

Did the child’s performance represent typical performance?
Do the results concur with the parent/teacher report?
Are the results complete?

Answer 13

Interpreting the test

Question 14

Minimal clinical important difference
Minimal detectable change

Are ways to….

Answer 14

Evaluate the clinical usefulness of the test

Question 15

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN TESTING

Answer 15

Examiner competency
Client privacy
Communication of test results
Cultural bias

Question 16

Advantages for standardized testing

Answer 16

Well-known and commercially available
Common interdisciplinary language
Monitor developmental progress

Question 17

Disadvantages for standard tests

Answer 17

Cannot be a stand-alone measure
Provides only a brief “snapshot” of functioning
Test situations are artificial and not a totally accurate interpretation of daily functioning

Question 18

True/False: Standardized tests screen children for a variety of performance or conditions; assist in the determination of a medical or educational diagnosis; document a child’s developmental, functional, and participation status; aid the planning of an intervention program; and measure outcomes of programs.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

OT develops competency in using tests by understanding…

Answer 19

concepts, familiarizing with test procedures, materials and setting requirements, observing others, and preparing.

Question 20

Types of test include

Answer 20

ipsative, norm-references, and criterion referenced.

Question 21

Standardized tests have procedures for

Answer 21

administration, scoring, and interpreting performance.

Question 22

Reliability refers to

Answer 22

the consistency of scores between multiple raters

Question 23

Validity is the

Answer 23

extent to which a test measures what it claims.

Question 24

Primary standard scores used are

Answer 24

Z and T scores

Question 25

True/False: Ethical testing procedures include considering the purpose of the assessment; adapting procedures to match child and family culture, characteristics, and values; adjusting for testing context; understanding test administration, scoring and mechanics and synthesizing information from standardized tests, observations, and interview.

Answer 25

True