Newborn

Question 1

Neonatal period

Answer 1

first 4 weeks

Question 2

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 2

closes within hours of birth

Question 3

During fetal development, the ductus arteriosus serves as..

Answer 3

a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Question 4

Persistent Fetal Circulation or PDA

Answer 4

Pulmonary Hypertension
Common in preemies
Usually closes naturally

Question 5

Increase in bilirubin levels, due to liver function
Lots of reasons: Idiopathic, premature, blood incompatibility
Lead to Kernicterus-potential for brain damage

Answer 5

Jaundice

Question 6

Meconium

Answer 6

in the poop @ birth

Question 7

Colostrum

Answer 7

Nutrient in breast milk soon after birth

Question 8

Brain damage that occurs prior to, during or shortly after the birth process

Answer 8

Cerebral Palsy

Question 9

For old therapist, neonatal reflexes are considered

Answer 9

stereotypical, obligatory response to a given stimuli

Question 10

Integration of reflexes

Answer 10

As neurological development occurs
No longer the preferred pattern
No longer obligatory

Question 11

Indication of delay or brain damage

Answer 11

Reemergence after brain damage and in times of stress

Question 12

Suck swallow reflex

Answer 12

Appears @ 28 weeks gestation
Trigger: downward pressure on the tongue
Response: rhythmic sucking, lips, tongue and jaw (suckling)
Integrates: 2-5 months
— To a mature suck after 2-5 months

Question 13

Optical righting

Answer 13

same as labyrinthine, except frequently tested in sitting w/ no blind fold
Appears @ birth-2 months
Trigger: hold baby in space, tilt the body (blindfolded)
Response: will attempt (may not be successful, especially early) to right the head
Integrated: life long

Question 14

Body on Neck, Neck on Body or Body on body

Answer 14

Appears (birth immature-flop) 4-6 months(log)
Trigger:
BON: contact surface with chest
NOB -turn the head
BOB- turn the hips
Response:
BON: head goes into extensions
NOB: body turns in direction of head
BOB: head and upper trunk turn toward hips
Integration:
BON: lifelong
NOB and BOB @ 5 years

Question 15

Moro or Startle Reflex

Answer 15

Appears @ 28 weeks
Trigger: drop baby w/ loud noise
Response: extension and education of upper limbs
Integrated @ 5-6 months

Question 16

Traction reflex

Answer 16

Appears @ 28 weeks gestation
Trigger: place baby on back, grab wrists and gently pull to sit
Response: Flexion of shoulder, elbow and wrist (as if they are “helping”)
Integration 2-5 months

Question 17

Flexor withdrawal reflex

Answer 17

Appears @ 28 weeks
Trigger: poke the baby
Response: pulls leg into flexion
Purpose: protection
Integration 1-2 months (life long)

Question 18

Crossed extension reflex

Answer 18

Appears @ 28 weeks
Onset: 28 weeks gest
Trigger: Just like Flexor Withdrawal, but hold the leg
Response: other leg will flex and then extend as to avoid stimuli
Integration: 1-2 months

Question 19

Grasp reflex

Answer 19

Palmar
Appears @ birth
Trigger: pressure to palm
Response: grasp
Integrated 4- (6)11 months

Plantar Onset: 28 weeks Trigger: pressure to foot  ́ Response: toes curl Integrated: 9 months Babinski Reflex or Sign NOT NORMAL!! “may see in children” Flexor withdrawal

Question 20

Galant

Answer 20

Appears @ 28 weeks
Trigger: run stimulus up the side of the spine
Response: curvature toward stimulus
Do both sides- spinal extension
Integration- 2 months

Question 21

Lower extremity placing

Answer 21

Onset: 35 weeks
Trigger: rub the top of the foot against a table
Response: the baby will “step” up on the table
Hip and knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion followed by extension
Integration: 2 months

Question 22

Upper extremity placing

Answer 22

Onset: birth
Trigger: rub the top of the foot against a table
Response: the baby will “step” up on the table
Hip and knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion followed by extension
Integration: 2 months

Question 23

Postural support reaction — Positive support reflex

Answer 23

Onset: 35 weeks
Trigger: hold baby up , lower to a table to feet touch it
Reaction: baby attempts to “stand”
Integration: 1-2 months
Parents worry when they quit

Question 24

Spontaneous stepping reflex — primitive stepping; “walking”

Answer 24

Onset 37 weeks — To walk the womb
Trigger: Feet on a surface, lean baby forward
Response: will “step”
Integration: 1-2 months

Question 25

ATNR: Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex — Cupid/fencing position

Answer 25

Eye hand coordination and reaching
Onset: birth
Trigger: Turn head in a direction
Response: arm (leg) will extend in direction of head, other arm (leg) will flex
Integrated 4-6 months

Question 26

Early life motor control is:

Answer 26

Dominated by Reflexes
Gravity dependent

Question 27

Senses

Answer 27

Sense of Taste
Sense of Smell
Sense of Touch/tactile

Question 28

Reflexes
Rocking

Answer 28

Vestibular

Question 29

Babies are not blind
Do like high contrast, preference for colors about 4 months
Faces- mom at a month
8-12 inches for best reception

Answer 29

Visual

Question 30

Response to facial expressions requires

Answer 30

sight , sound and cognition

Question 31

Preference for patsy or blanket demonstrates

Answer 31

tactile, sight, cognition

Question 32

gastroesophageal reflux

Answer 32

GERD

Question 33

Lung immaturity

Answer 33

RDS-Respiratory Distress Syndrome
BPD-BronchoPulmonary Dysplasia
Iatrogenic

Question 34

Cardiac immaturity

Answer 34

Persistent fetal Circulation
PDA

Question 35

Musculoskeletal system immaturity

Answer 35

Hypotonic- till 34 weeks
— Cephalocaudal
Very Malleable
— Craniofacial molding
— Clonus: unintentional resistance

Question 36

Neurological immaturity

Answer 36

Very tender
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Intraventricular hemorrhage

Question 37

Vision immaturity

Answer 37

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)