Developmental Milestone Flashcards
8wks to 40wks
Prenatal period
3 periods in prenatal development
Ovular Period or Germinal Period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period
first 2 weeks following ovulation
Ovular Period or Germinal Period
3rd week following ovulation and extends up to 10 weeks of gestation
Embryonic Period
begins after 8th week following conception and ends with delivery
Fetal Period
8-9 weeks to delivery
Brain grows the fastest (sensitive period up until this point)
Limb buds form
Sex organs form
Bones and muscles
Hair
Eyes form
TONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Fetal period
age since Last Menstrual Cycle
LMP
From exact time of conception
Lasts 38 weeks
Post Conception (fertilization) Age
Full Term
38-40 weeks
Occurs when the placenta partly or completely separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery.
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, belly pain, and back pain in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Placenta abruption
Placenta attaches low in the uterus.
The placenta might partially or completely cover the opening of the uterus, called the cervix.
Can cause severe bleeding in the mother before, during or after delivery.
Placenta previa
anything a person is exposed to or ingests during pregnancy that can cause fetal abnormalities
Teratogens
Period of risk for teratogens
4-8wks critical periods
Exposure of teratogens includes
LBW
Developmental delays
Loss of pregnancy
Cognitive delays
Growth delays
TORCHes infections
maternal disorders
4 week development
Neural system begins (neural Defects)
Intestines, lungs, liver and kidneys
Sex organs
Buds to be limbs
8 week gestation
goes from embryo to fetus
Sensory response at 8 weeks gestation
Respond to touch
Sensory response at 24 week gestation
Respond to sound
Sensory response at 25 weeks gestation
vestibular system allows them to right themselves in the womb
Heart is one of the first systems to start functioning at how many days?
21 days
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Usually closes within hours of birth
35 weeks and younger sometimes trouble
Ductus arteriosus
Development at 9 weeks
Now to fetus
Development at 12 weeks
Able to tell sex based on visual appearance
Spontaneous movement begins
Gut starts to work — begin to swallow amniotic fluid
Development at 16 weeks
Hands, feet, fingernails
Reflexes begin
Development at 20 weeks
Tiny person — all parts are there and size ratio
Development at 22 weeks
Viability in U.S
Developmental at 24 weeks
Eyes are formed and opened
Development at 25 weeks
Viable body
Wt avg of full term infant
7.5lbs
2 main causes of low birth wt
Early delivery
Poor fetal growth
Reason for early delivery
Carrying more than one baby such as twins or triplets
Previous preterm birth
Previous abortions
Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
Stress and lack of support
Infection- bladder or vaginal infections, can cause labor to start early
Stress
Exposure to harmful substances
Oligohydramnios-lack of amniotic fluid
Poor fetal growth can be caused by
Use of alcohol, drugs and smoking
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Poor nutrition - women who do not gain at least 22lb (10 kg) are 2-3 times more likely to have a LBW baby
Being underweight before becoming pregnant
Mothers age at time of pregnancy - women under 20 and over 45 are more likely to have a LBW baby.
Stress, exhaustion or lack of rest
Abuse and /or family violence
Living in poverty
Neural defects include
Spina bifida
Anencephaly
Cleft palate and lip
Neural defect that results in a small separation or gap in one or more of the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Spina bifida occulta
Neural tube defect where membranes and the spinal nerves protrude at birth, forming a sac on the baby’s back.
Myelomeningocele
Neural tube defect characterized by a sac of spinal fluid bulging through an opening in the spine.
Meningocele
A baby born with an underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull.
Anencephaly
Prenatal development questions/controversy
- When does life begin?
Biological life — matter for science - When are we obligated to protect life
Physiological and ethical issue - How do we as health professionals respond to disagreements between 1 and 2?
Remain informed and understand what you are talking about
Stem cells come from
Cord blood
Amniotic fluid
Possibility of taking adult living cells and reverting them
lack of amniotic fluid causing early delivery
Oligohydramnios
