Ch 16 — Motor Control

Question 1

ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Answer 1

Motor control

Question 2

Motor control refers to

Answer 2

how the central nervous system organizes movement.

how we quantify movement.

the nature of movement.

Question 3

Common Conditions With Motor Deficit

Answer 3

●Cerebral palsy
●Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
●Pervasive developmental disorder
●Down syndrome
●Sensory integration disorders
●Acquired brain injuries

Question 4

Guiding theories for motor deficits

Answer 4

Top-down
Dynamic systems theory
Ecological theory

Question 5

Dysfunction occurs when flexibility or adaptability of movements is limited and cannot accommodate task demands or environmental constraints.

Answer 5

Dynamical systems theory

Question 6

With dynamical systems theory movement is depednent on

Answer 6

•Individual
•Task
•Environment

Question 7

Ecological theory

Answer 7

Interaction between the person and the environment

●Perception in everyday activities
●Gibson’s ecological theory: Agency, Prospectivity, Behavioral flexibility

Question 8

Dynamical Systems Theory whole learning

Answer 8

➢Learning the entire task is more effective than learning part of the task

whole-task activities = completion and using multiple systems

Question 9

Principles of Motor Control

Answer 9

●Movement is a result of an interaction among systems

There is variability within systems
Allows the child to problem solve

Question 10

Personal factors of motor deficits

Answer 10

Cognition
Musculoskeletal
Sensory
Perception
Social-emotional

Question 11

Task characteristics of motor deficits

Answer 11

Nature of task
Object properties
Goals
Rules

Question 12

Environmental contexts of motor deficits

Answer 12

Physical, social, cultural, temporal, virtual, and personal

Question 13

The Process of Motor Learning invovles

Answer 13

Meaningful activities, Supportive environment, problem-solving
●Meaning, Whole task training vs part-task training, Variability,Timing
●Problem-solving or error-based learning
●Transfer of learning, Sequencing and adapting tasks
●Practice levels and types: Massed, Distributed, Variable or random
●Feedback: Extrinsic vs. intrinsic, Demonstrative, Knowledge of performance, Knowledge of results, verbal feedback
●Verbal Feedback
●Mental Practice: Extrinsic vs intrinsic, Demonstrative, Knowledge of performance, Knowledge of results, mental rehersal
●Type and amount of practice
●Role of error-based learning

Question 14

Practice Models That Use Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 14

MOHO
PEOP
OA
CMOP

Question 15

Task-Specific Training

Answer 15

Client and context, Sequencing and repetition, Positive reinforcement

Goal: complete the whole task

Question 16

Other Approaches Using Motor Control and Motor Learning

Answer 16

Framework for occupational gradation
Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance
Constraint-induced movement therapy
Intensive bimanual therapy: Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy

Question 17

T/F: Contemporary motor-control interventions support a dynamic systems approach that movement derives from an interaction of person factors, task characteristics, and environmental systems.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Motor learning strategies include

Answer 18

transfer of learning, feedback, practice, sequencing and adapting tasks, modeling or demonstration, and mental rehearsal

Question 19

motor learning strategies promote

Answer 19

motor acquisition and motor control

help practitioners decide how and when to provide feedback and how to promote generalization of skills (transfer of learning)

Question 20

Learning the entire task is more effective than learning part of the task

Answer 20

whole learning