Ch 20 — SI

Question 1

Sensory integration is…

Answer 1

the organization of sensation for use

Question 2

SI theory

Answer 2

concepts that promote understanding the child and planning appropriate intervention

Question 3

SI assessment

Answer 3

methods to determine whether a child has SI problems, and if so, which types

Question 4

SI intervention

Answer 4

strategies designed to improve the child’s difficulties with sensory-motor functioning and participation

Question 5

hypo

Answer 5

seeking more

not getting enough of sensory systems

Question 6

hyper

Answer 6

having too much

avoiding sensory systems

Question 7

T/F: Sensory input is necessary for optimal brain function and development

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Adaptve response for Neurobiologically Based Concepts

Answer 8

➢A successful response to an environmental challenge.
➢Response is a little more complex than previously done.
➢Child must be actively in control.
➢Builds on the child’s inner drive.
➢An adaptive response leads to more complex sensory integration at a neural level.
➢Process involves neural plasticity.

Question 9

Neural plasticity enables more….

Answer 9

complex behavioral patterns to emerge as adaptive responses are made

Question 10

T/F: Body-centered senses (tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular) mature earlier than visual and auditory systems, and lay a foundation for development of increasingly more complex sensory-motor processes, social interactions, and occupational engagement.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

when does SI mature?

Answer 11

7-10 years

Question 12

Child’s inner drive leads to seeking of “just-right challenges” meaning:

Answer 12

Not so easy that no effort is required
Not so difficult that child will fail

Question 13

mastery of challanges invovles

Answer 13

engagement in more complex occupations

Question 14

Sensory integrative development that is not optimal may lead to

Answer 14

behavioral, social, academic, or motor coordination difficulties

Question 15

Southern California Sensory Integration Tests

Answer 15

SCSIT

Question 16

Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests

Answer 16

SIPT

Question 17

four major areas in which SI problems may occur:

Answer 17

➢Sensory reactivity
➢Sensory discrimination and perception
➢Vestibular-bilateral functions
➢Praxis

Question 18

brushing protocol

Answer 18

wilbarger

Question 19

Sensory reactivity is also called

Answer 19

sensory modulation, responsiveness, or responsivity

Question 20

unusually strong, negative response to an ordinary sensory experience

Answer 20

Hyper-reactivity

Question 21

easily upset by light touch sensations (e.g., from clothing, food, and people)

Answer 21

Tactile defensiveness

Question 22

distressed by environmental noise, loud or shrill sounds

Answer 22

Auditory hyper-reactivity

Question 23

can hyper-reactivity may be present in how many sensory modalities

Answer 23

one or multiple sensory modalities

Question 24

unusually weak or absent response to sensory experience

Answer 24

Hypo-reactivity

Question 25

Example of sensory registration problem:

Answer 25

does not notice that an object or environmental feature is present

Question 26

Reactivity Problems and Participation for Tactile defensiveness

Answer 26

➢Avoids and upset by certain clothing and food textures
➢Avoids and upset by being in close proximity to other people, as in parties or standing in line

Question 27

Reactivity Problems and Participation with Gravitational insecurity

Answer 27

➢Terrified of walking on uneven surfaces or moving through space
➢Avoidance of movement and playground activities

Question 28

gravitational insecurity

Answer 28

Hyper-reactivity to vestibular sensations (movement through space)

Question 29

Sensory registration problem

Answer 29

Hypo-reactivity (does not notice sensory information)

Question 30

Reactivity Problems and Participation with Sensory registration problem

Answer 30

➢Bumps into objects as if they are not there
➢Does not notice presence of people
➢Safety issues: may step into traffic

Question 31

Tactile discrimination and perception problems may invovle

Answer 31

➢Difficulty interpreting tactile stimuli (not necessarily avoiding it, which is hyper-reactivity)
➢May affect development of fine motor skills
➢May be seen along with visual perceptual problems

Question 32

Proprioception problems

Answer 32

➢Inaccurate perception or unaware of body position.
➢Often clumsy, awkward.
➢May seek firm pressure, jumping or walking forcefully, and joint compression for extra sensory feedback.
➢Praxis is usually affected.

Question 33

Vestibular-Bilateral Problems Involves difficulties with:

Answer 33

➢Postural control, balance, and equilibrium responses
➢Bilateral coordination
➢Sequencing of actions smoothly in time and space
➢Projected action sequences: accurately anticipating how and when to initiate action in response to movement of body and objects in space

Question 34

ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute a nonhabitual motor act

Answer 34

praxis

Question 35

Dyspraxia may involve ideation problem by

Answer 35

creation of an idea for a new way to move in order to obtain a goal

Question 36

May involve motor planning problem is

Answer 36

knowing how to sequence movements in a new way.

Question 37

Dyspraxia negatively affects acquisition of new skills such as

Answer 37

dressing, handwriting, playing games, and participation in sports

Question 38

Frequent seeking of intense sensory experiences may occur for multiple reasons:

Answer 38

➢To compensate for poor discrimination/perception by generating additional strong sensory information
➢To self-regulate arousal level
➢To modulate hypo- or hyper-reactivity in other sensory systems
➢An expression of poor praxis, which limits ideas and strategies for movement
➢An expression of the child’s temperament

Question 39

Secondary Effects of Sensory Integration Difficulties

Answer 39

Often misinterpreted as purely behavioral or psychological issues, limit a child’s participation, and undermine self-esteem and self-confidence

Question 40

Interviews and questionnaires

Answer 40

➢Sensory profile
➢Sensory processing measure

Question 41

Observations of the child involve

Answer 41

➢Informal observation of spontaneous behavior in home, community, and/or clinical settings
➢Structured clinical observations of child doing therapist-directed tasks

Question 42

Standardized testing

Answer 42

➢Sensory integration and Praxis tests
➢Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency
➢School function assessment

Question 43

Consideration of available services and resources

Answer 43

➢Interpretation of assessment findings
➢Recommendations

Question 44

Individual Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) intervention

Answer 44

➢Applied on an individual basis.
➢Strong relationship between therapist and child.
➢Engages the child’s inner drive to actively explore the environment.
➢Involves a balance between structure and freedom.
➢Therapist presents “just-right challenges.”
➢Values child’s active participation.
➢Outcomes directly address child’s participation in home, school, and/or community activities.

Question 45

Individual ASI intervention

Answer 45

➢Draws on the child’s interests and imagination.
➢Provides a just-right challenge
➢Uses space with equipment selected for specific child’s needs

Question 46

ASI intervention should involve

Answer 46

key elements identified in the Fidelity Measure for ASI Intervention

Question 47

Other OT Interventions for Children With SI Problems

Answer 47

•Training in specific skills
•Group activity programs
•Specific sensory techniques (massage protocols and weighted vests)
•Environmental modifications to reduce impact of sound or lighting
•Cognitive interventions such as the Alert Program for Self-Regulation
•Occupation-based interventions, such as horseback riding or yoga
•Parent or teacher education, coaching, and consultation

Question 48

Measuring Intervention Outcomes of occupational therapy may include

Answer 48

➢increase in frequency or duration of adaptive responses.
➢increasingly more complex adaptive responses.
➢improvement in gross and fine motor skills.
➢improvement in cognitive, language, or academic performance.
➢increase in self-confidence and self-esteem.
➢enhanced occupational engagement and social participation.
➢enhancement in family life.

Question 49

dyspraxia?

Answer 49

motor planning problem