Pre-school Flashcards
Play is
intrinsically motivated and pleasurable
What is considered to be a motor of development and is childs primary occupation
Play
Development of trends within pre-school involve
Obesity, sedentary, virtual world
Sports ready, activity driven, real world w/ options for adaptive responses
Brain growth correlates with
Sensory and motor exposure
When does synaptic connections based on adaptive responses
Birth to 3
Ability to put body where you want and maintain it there invovles
Upright against gravity
Balance
Stability: static, dynamic-rotation, stability limits
Flow: mobility, stability
Equilibrium reactions include
Reflexes
Keeps from falling
Adjustments that lead to flow
Postural gross motor development at 12-18 months (Toddler, Trouble)
Good walker and getting better!
Sit in a small chair
Plays well is standing (dynamic)
Squats to pick things up
Pushes and Pulls toys
Climb into big chair
Up stairs with hand held
Flings things
Starts to run
High support
18-24 months Postural Gross Motor Development
Loves gross motor play (this is how they get good at it)
Runs, climbs
Jungle gym/slides
Push cars
Kicks ball forward
Throws ball at target
Jumps up and down (in place 2 feet)
Walks up and Down Stairs
24-36 months or 2-3 years Postural Gross Motor Development
Very good walker and runner, stable on feet
Rides peddle car or tricycle
Coordination of reciprocal LE
Catches ball against chest
Jumps from step
Hops on one foot (toward 3)
Postural Gross Motor Development at 3-4 years
Confidence in Motor Skills
Running, jumping
Skipping
Stands on one foot
Alternates feet on stairs
Jumps from higher levels
Postural Gross Motor Development at 4-5 years
Everything from 1 year and up, just better
Communication at 3 years
Over 1000 words
3 word sentences
Private speech
Communication at 4 years
Connecting sentences
Communication at 5 years
Proper use of tense and plurals
Conversation
Communication at 5 years and up
8000 words
volitional motor response to sensory stimuli (or perceived stimuli)
Perceptual Motor Skill
the ability to interpret visual stimuli and make (or not) a response
Visual Perceptual Skills
The ability of the brain (CNS) to automatically combine all of the information coming in from the senses (PNS) and make accurate decisions
Sensory integration
Visual Skills Visual Perception
Visual scanning-saccadic eye movement
Visual Tracking
Visual Acuity (ETDRS chart vs Snellen)
Visual discrimination
Visual acuity
Static (by 5yrs)
Dynamic quickly follows
Important for “eye hand coordination”
Early identification
Visual discrimination
Telling things apart without touching
Size, shape, color
Visual matching
Figure ground
Sense of Touch and Touch Skills
Discriminative touch
Haptic perception
Issues w/ tactile defensiveness
Favorite blanket
Needed to develop dexterity and hand skills
Holding a baby chick vs a jump rope handle
Describes…
Discriminative Touch
Memory and experience
Knowing what something feels like without touching
Haptic perception
Common issues w/ Tactile Defensiveness
Avoids tactile
Craves firm
Dressing at 1 year
assist with dressing holds arms out, pulls off shoes and socks
Dressing at 2 years
removes all clothes, can put on a shirt (may be backwards)
Dressing at 3 years
shirt and shoes (wrong feet ok), unites shoes, large buttons and easy openers
Dressing at 4 years
zippers, shoes on right feet, dress without help (maybe a little)
Tying shoes
4-5 years
School readiness invovles
ADL independence
Communication skills
Using materials
Manipulation skills
Manipulation skills are in tact by what age
7 years
Graphomotor (writing) Skills involve
Ulnar palmar grasp
Incomplete or radial grasp
Tripod grasp
Bimanual coordination
How is fine motor different from gross motor
b/c of Requirements of cognition
Hand Development of power and pinch involves
Power: Cylindrical, Spherical, disc, Hook, Lateral pinch
Precision: Pincer, Three jaw, Lateral
Importance of arches
Key to a functional hand
Proximal Transverse = Stability
Mobility
Role of arches on activity and activity on arches = Simian crease
Power grasps include
Spherical Grip, Cylindrical Grip, Hook Grip, Lateral or Plate
Precision grasps/pinches include
Chuck or 3 jaw, Lateral, Pincer, tip
Fine motor milestones at 12-18 months
Scribbles with crayon
Stacks blocks
Points at pictures and body parts
Holds two toys in hand and a toy in each hand
Fine motor milestones at 18-24 months
4-5 piece puzzle
Builds towers (4-5 blocks)
Crayon at fingertips — Lines, vertical
String beads
Turn pages of a book
Simple tools (play hammer, fork)
Fine motor milestones at 23 years
Snips with scissors
Colors in large forms
Draws circles
Fine motor milestones at 3-4 years
Tripod grasp
Colors in lines
start to Copy letters
Cut simple shapes
Manipulates with hands
Fine motor milestones at 4-5 years
ready to write!! Any earlier may cause stress
Dynamic tripod grasp
Draws stick figures, trunk and limbs
Copies name
String small beads
Fine motor milestones at 5-6 years
Prints name
Cuts well with scissors, all shapes
Uses two hands together well
