Infancy Flashcards
Infancy
Birth to 1 year
Changes in first year of infancy
Body wt Triples
Body Size increases
Heart beat, pulse-slows: 120 bpm to 80-100, 100/55 for BP
1 month to 3 months
Head control
Visual tracking
Social skills
Head controls increase from 45 degrees at 1-2 moths to how many degrees at 2-3 months?
90 degrees
At what age does crossing the midline occur
2-3 mo
Social skills and smile emerges at what age
2-3 mo
What does crossing the midline entail
Coordination of sides
Coordination and integration of cerebral hemispheres
Weight shift
Middle infancy is considered how many months
4-6
Sitting
Pulls to sit (4 months)
Sits supported- 5 months
Three point or prop sit-6 months
Protective supporting reactions — “parachute reaction”
Forward (5-6 months)
Side (7-8 months)
Back (9-10 months)
Positive supporting reactions
Upper extremity — 4-6 months
Lower extremity — 6-9 months
When hands or feet touch a surface they extend
— To protect head, body
— Precursor for wt bearing
Associated movements/reactions = Doing something on one side, same motion on the other
Onset: young to mid infancy
Trigger: effortful action
Response: Copy of the other side
Integration: Late childhood (Adulthood)
Bringing hands to midline to hold bottle
4 months
Bringing hands to midline to play
5 months
True suck
Disassociation of parts (4 months)
Start of spoon feeding (4 months)
“sucking food off spoon”
5-6 months- active lip
Vocalization — laughing and babbling
4-5 mo
Hands relax in open position
3 mo
Hands to midline away from body slightly
4 mo
Reaching begins at
5 mo
Reaching grasp
Ulnar palmar
Late infancy
7-9 mo
Sitting and development at 4-5 mo
3 point sit, some extension
Sitting and development at 6-8 mo
Sits erect and stable
Sitting and development at 7-9 mo
dynamic sitter (rotation is added)
W sitting
Prone at 1-2 mo
head against gravity (45)
Prone at 3-4 mo
head against gravity (45)
Prone at 4-5 mo
Rolling
Prone at 6 mo
Roll to sit
Prone at 7-8 mo
Crawling
Prone at 8 mo
All fours and rock
Prone at 9 mo
Creeps
Fine motor at 10-11 mo
Inferior pincer grasp
Fine motor at 11-12 mo
Pincer grasp
Fine motor at 12 mo
Tip pincer
Ambulation at 10-11 mo
Pull to stand
Cruising
Ambulation in late infancy
Walks with two hands held
Walks with one hand help
Walks independently
Wide base
High guard
Object permanence
8 months
Understanding impact of environment
8mo
Becomes “emotional”, happy, mad ect
8 mo
Begins to form attachments
8-10 mo
First words
11-12mo
Stranger anxiety
12 mo
Eats from spoon, teeth appear, munching pattern
7 mo
Can eat most foods, rotary chew, tongue movement
10-12mo
Developmental delay is in question when
Failure to meet milestones associated with the norm
Reasons for developmental delay
May be due to a known condition or idiopathic
May be global or focal
Transient Developmental Delay
Often due to difficult start
Early intervention is extremely important, b/c neural plasticity is most prominent in the first ___ years
2 years
Gestational Age-Time from Conception
38 weeks
LMP-Last Menstrual Cycle
40 weeks
Chronological Age
Age since birth
age the baby should be if it was full term
Corrected Age
What are APGAR scores
Rating for newborns
When is APGAR tested
Done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Normal Muscle tone is a prerequisite for
normal movement patterns
Wt Shift follows a predictable sequence and it is…
Anterior-posterior
Lateral
Diagonal
Motor Function is dependent on what two things
stability and mobility
Mobility, stability, mobility is superimposed on
Stability
Reflex integration allows for
Postural control
Gross patterns of movement are preceded by
fine (isolated or disassociated) movement
Control of the body over the limb will contribute to
controlled limb motion in space
Sensory Input influences
Motor output
