Cerebral Palsy Ch 29

Question 1

●Permanent disorders of development of movement
and posture
●Cause activity limitations
●Disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition,
communication, and behavior
●Associated damage to brain
●Epilepsy and secondary musculoskeletal problems

Answer 1

Cerebral palsy

Question 2

●Most prevalent cause of motor dysfunction in
children
●1.2–2.1 per 1000 live births
●10,000 babies born in the United States annually
●Multiple factors cause cerebral palsy

Answer 2

Prevalence and etiology

Question 3

●Medical history concerning risk factors
●Neurological examination
●Standardized motor assessment
●Parental questionnaire
●Neuroimaging
●Rule out alternative diagnoses

Answer 3

CP dx

Question 4

●Secondary impairments
●Specialists
●Medications
●Therapy
●Surgical procedures

Answer 4

Societal and family costs

Question 5

Common Symptoms in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Answer 5

●Posture, Postural Control, and Movement
Atypical movement patterns

Question 6

Distribution and classification of muscle tone

Answer 6

Monoplegia
Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Tetraplegia

Question 7

Types of CP

Answer 7

Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed

Question 8

Hand performance of CP

Answer 8

●Problems with upper limb function
●Abnormal muscle tone
●Decreased ability to maintain a stable posture
●Contractures

Question 9

Secondary impairments in CP

Answer 9

●Chronic pain
●Intellectual impairment
●Unable to walk
●Hip displacement
●Speech deficits
●Epilepsy
●Behavior disorder
●Bladder incontinence
●Sleep disorder
●Vision impairment
●Inability to eat orally
●Hearing impairment
●Sensory functions

Question 10

Assessments for Early Detection

Answer 10

●Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination
●Prechtl’s Assessment of General Movements or the
General Movement Assessment
●Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC)
●Classification systems

Question 11

Medical-based interventions help to manage …..

Answer 11

Spasticity — ex: Botox, baclofen, surgeries

Question 12

Occupation-Focused Intervention
for Children With Cerebral Palsy

Answer 12

MOHO
PEOP
CMOP-E

Question 13

OT intervention types

Answer 13

●Movement is complex and multidimensional.
●Motor control and motor learning.
●Adaptive equipment.
●Orthotics.
●Constraint-induced movement therapy.
●Bimanual therapy.
●Physical agent modalities.
●Therapeutic taping and strapping.
●Positioning, handling, and NDT.

Question 14

Complementary Health Approaches

Answer 14

●Guided imagery
●Myofascial release
●Yoga
●Meditation

Question 15

Cerebral palsy can be classified by distribution and type

Answer 15

monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia,
tetraplegia

spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed

Question 16

Because the lesion occurs in immature brain structures, the
progression of the child’s motor development may appear to
change, causing secondary impairments such as

Answer 16

problems with skin integrity, difficulty breathing, impairments in vision, hearing, or speech

Question 17

Occupational therapists use occupation-centered models
of practice to structure their evaluation and intervention
plan considering the dynamic interplay among the child
(abilities, motivations, interests), environment (supports
and barriers), and the demands of the task. Because
children diagnosed with CP have difficulty with postural
control and movement against gravity, therapists frequently
use what type of intervention w/ movement D/O?

Answer 17

Motor control and motor learning concepts

Question 18

Muscles must have sufficient tone to move against gravity in
a smooth, coordinated motion. Emotions and mental state,
including levels of alertness, fatigue, and excitement, can also influence muscle tone. Children that have abnormal muscle tone have difficulty controlling their movements which interferes in participation in every day activities, such as

Answer 18

feeding, dressing, hygiene, academics, and play

Question 19

The occupational therapist plans and implements interventions to promote ….

Answer 19

Function and independence in children w/ CP

Question 20

Current evidence suggests that therapeutic approaches for
children with cerebral palsy include functional and goal-
directed training, constraint-induced movement therapy,
bimanual training, fitness training, home exercise programs,
and occupational therapy following botulinum toxin
injections (Novak et al., 2013).

Answer 20

functional and goal-directed training, constraint-induced movement therapy, bimanual training, fitness training, home exercise programs, and occupational therapy following botulinum toxin injections