Cerebral Palsy Ch 29 Flashcards
●Permanent disorders of development of movement
and posture
●Cause activity limitations
●Disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition,
communication, and behavior
●Associated damage to brain
●Epilepsy and secondary musculoskeletal problems
Cerebral palsy
●Most prevalent cause of motor dysfunction in
children
●1.2–2.1 per 1000 live births
●10,000 babies born in the United States annually
●Multiple factors cause cerebral palsy
Prevalence and etiology
●Medical history concerning risk factors
●Neurological examination
●Standardized motor assessment
●Parental questionnaire
●Neuroimaging
●Rule out alternative diagnoses
CP dx
●Secondary impairments
●Specialists
●Medications
●Therapy
●Surgical procedures
Societal and family costs
Common Symptoms in Children With Cerebral Palsy
●Posture, Postural Control, and Movement
Atypical movement patterns
Distribution and classification of muscle tone
Monoplegia
Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Tetraplegia
Types of CP
Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed
Hand performance of CP
●Problems with upper limb function
●Abnormal muscle tone
●Decreased ability to maintain a stable posture
●Contractures
Secondary impairments in CP
●Chronic pain
●Intellectual impairment
●Unable to walk
●Hip displacement
●Speech deficits
●Epilepsy
●Behavior disorder
●Bladder incontinence
●Sleep disorder
●Vision impairment
●Inability to eat orally
●Hearing impairment
●Sensory functions
Assessments for Early Detection
●Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination
●Prechtl’s Assessment of General Movements or the
General Movement Assessment
●Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC)
●Classification systems
Medical-based interventions help to manage …..
Spasticity — ex: Botox, baclofen, surgeries
Occupation-Focused Intervention
for Children With Cerebral Palsy
MOHO
PEOP
CMOP-E
OT intervention types
●Movement is complex and multidimensional.
●Motor control and motor learning.
●Adaptive equipment.
●Orthotics.
●Constraint-induced movement therapy.
●Bimanual therapy.
●Physical agent modalities.
●Therapeutic taping and strapping.
●Positioning, handling, and NDT.
Complementary Health Approaches
●Guided imagery
●Myofascial release
●Yoga
●Meditation
Cerebral palsy can be classified by distribution and type
monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia,
tetraplegia
spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed
Because the lesion occurs in immature brain structures, the
progression of the child’s motor development may appear to
change, causing secondary impairments such as
problems with skin integrity, difficulty breathing, impairments in vision, hearing, or speech
Occupational therapists use occupation-centered models
of practice to structure their evaluation and intervention
plan considering the dynamic interplay among the child
(abilities, motivations, interests), environment (supports
and barriers), and the demands of the task. Because
children diagnosed with CP have difficulty with postural
control and movement against gravity, therapists frequently
use what type of intervention w/ movement D/O?
Motor control and motor learning concepts
Muscles must have sufficient tone to move against gravity in
a smooth, coordinated motion. Emotions and mental state,
including levels of alertness, fatigue, and excitement, can also influence muscle tone. Children that have abnormal muscle tone have difficulty controlling their movements which interferes in participation in every day activities, such as
feeding, dressing, hygiene, academics, and play
The occupational therapist plans and implements interventions to promote ….
Function and independence in children w/ CP
Current evidence suggests that therapeutic approaches for
children with cerebral palsy include functional and goal-
directed training, constraint-induced movement therapy,
bimanual training, fitness training, home exercise programs,
and occupational therapy following botulinum toxin
injections (Novak et al., 2013).
functional and goal-directed training, constraint-induced movement therapy, bimanual training, fitness training, home exercise programs, and occupational therapy following botulinum toxin injections