Stable Angina Flashcards
Angina
cardiac chest pain
Angina is most commonly due to reduced coronary blood flow to the myocardium caused by
obstructive coronary atheroma
sometimes…
coronary artery spasm
coronary inflammation
most common cause of angina is
coronary atheroma
Pain or discomfort happens when
exertion
cold weather
emotional stress
after heavy meal
An obstructive plaque is more than ….. % of the lumen of an artery
70%
As soon as the plaque ruptures - it is no long
stable angina
it is now an acute coronary syndrome
Characteristics of angina pain
retrosternal
tight/pressure/heaviness
radiates to neck, jaw, arms
aggravated on exertion
Risk factors for coronary artery disease
non-modificable
age
gender
creed
family history
genetic
risk factors for coronary heart disease
modifiable
smoking
exercise
diet
diabetes
hypertension
hyperlipidaemia
Examination
tar stains on fingers
obesity
corneal arches (high cholesterol)
hypertension
reduced pulse
diabetic retinopathy
Signs of exacerbating or associated symptoms
pallor of anaemia
tachycardia, tremor
ejection systolic murmur
Investigations for stable angina
full blood count (lipid profile and fasting glucose)
CXR (can show other causes of chest pain)
electrocardiogram
exercise tolerance test (ETT)
myocardial perfusion imaging
CT coronary angiography
Treatments
physical
adress risk factors (BP cholesterol etc)
coronary artery bypass grafting
percutaenanous coronary angiography
Medical treatments for stable angina disease progression
statins
ACE inhibitors
Aspirin
Statins will
reduce LDL cholesterol
