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Yr1-S2-Cardio Systems > Acute Coronary Syndrome > Flashcards

Acute Coronary Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Plaque disruption leads to

A

atherothrombosis formation

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2
Q

Atherothrombosis is an unpredictable process caused by

A

unstable plaques

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3
Q

thrombosis

A

blood clot

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4
Q

most common cause of acute coronary syndrome

A

atherothrombosis

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5
Q

list of acute coronary syndromes

A

ST elevation MI

Non ST elevation MI

Unstable angina

sudden cardiac death

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6
Q

Risk factors

non-modifiable

A

age

gender

family history of ACS

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7
Q

Risk factors

modificable

A

smoking

hypertension

hyperlipidaemia

obesity

sedentary lifestyle

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8
Q

Why do plaques rupture?

A

inflammation

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9
Q

ACS will almost always give symptoms at….

A

rest

not like stable angina

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10
Q

History of ACS

character of pain

A

often tight band / pressure/ heaviness

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11
Q

History of ACS

radiation sites

A

jaw

arms

neck

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12
Q

History of ACS

location of pain

A

retrosternal

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13
Q

History of ACS

aggravated on…

A

exertion, emotional stress

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14
Q

Unstable angina and ST elevation MI

ECG

A

may be normal but

ST segment depression or elevation

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15
Q

Cardiac biomarker

A

troponin

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16
Q

unstable angina and NSTEMI immediate treatment

A

MONA

M - morphine

O - Oxygen

N - Nitroglycerine (GTN spray)

A - Aspirin

17
Q

Anti-thrombotic therapy

A

IV heparin

18
Q

Unstable angina and NSTEMI treatment (drugs)

A

beta blockers

Statins

ACE inhibitors

19
Q

unstable angina and NSTEMI treatment physical

A

coronary revascularisation

CABG or PCI

20
Q

STEMI

A

plaque rupture leading to amore complex or complete thrombotic occlusion of coronary lumen and infarction

21
Q

Necrosis of myocardial tissue happens in a time-dependent manner following

A

coronary occlusion

22
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

angioplasty etc

23
Q

Two main ways of treating STEMI

A

PCI

Firbinolysis

24
Q

Fibrinolysis is performed when

A

PCI cannot be performed

25
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

breaks down fibrin - therefore destroying plaque

26
Q

STEMI treatment (secondary prevention)

A

stop smoking, diet, exercise

control BO, glycemic control

Aspirin

statin

beta blockers

ACE inhibitors

27
Q

STEMI investigations

A

ECG

CXR (pulmonary oedema, widened mediastinum)

Blood (fasting glucose, U+E)

Cardiac Enzymes (troponin)

Echo (myocardial dysfunction)

28
Q

Sudden cardiac death most patients have

A

ventricular fibrillation

ventricular tachycardia

29
Q

Anti-platelet therapy for unstable angina and NSTEMI uses drug

A

should use an ADP receptor blocker like clopidogrel

and aspirin

30
Q

ADP receptors blockers

A

a drug class of anti-platelet type

Yr1-S2-Cardio Systems (33 decks)

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