Arrhythmias

Question 1

Arrhythmias present as

Answer 1

asymptomatic

palpitations

SOB

chest pain

embolism

Question 2

Arrhythmias investigation

Answer 2

ECG (12 lead, 24 hour)

Blood tests (thyroid)

Echo

Question 3

Arrhythmias therapy

Answer 3

Digoxin

beta blocker

Ca antagonist plus Warfarin (or aspirin)

Question 4

Supra-ventricular tachycardia

Answer 4

AV-nodal re-entrant tachycardia

high HR in upper region of heart

Question 5

Ventricular tachycardia symptoms

Answer 5

palpitations

dyspnoea

syncope

Question 6

ventricular tachycardia is usually a result of

Answer 6

structural heart disease

Question 7

indications for pacemaker

Answer 7

temporary - intermittent or sustain symptomatic bradycardia

permanent - symptomatic or profound 2nd/3rd degree AV block

Question 8

What is an arrhythmia?

Answer 8

Any deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart

Question 9

Types of arrhythmia

Answer 9

sinus

supraventircular

ventricular

Question 10

Supraventricular arrhythmias

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation

SVT

Question 11

ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 11

ventricular tachycardia

ventricular fibrillation

Question 12

there is a negative charge …… the cardiac cell in comparison to …… the cardiac cell

Answer 12

inside

outside

Question 13

The movement of ions across the cardiac cells membrane results in propagation of an

Answer 13

electrical pulse

Question 14

Vaugh Williams classification

Answer 14

drug used to treat arrhythmias

Question 15

Class 1 vaugh willaims

Answer 15

membrane stabilising agents

Question 16

Class II vaugh Williams

Answer 16

beta blockers (atenolol, disproval)

Question 17

Class III

Answer 17

increase action potential duration

Question 18

Class IV

Answer 18

Verapril

calcium channel blockers

Question 19

Digoxin

Answer 19

Cardiac glycoside

inhibits sodium - potassium pump

Question 20

Adenosine

Answer 20

slow conduction through the AV node

Question 21

Digoxin unwanted side effect can often be

Answer 21

renal impairment

nausea and vomiting

Brady/tachycardia

Question 22

Indications for anticoagulation

Answer 22

atrial fibrillation

DVT/PE

after surgery

Question 23

drugs that increase warfarin activity include

Answer 23

aspirin

erythromycin