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Yr1-S2-Cardio Systems > Heart Failure Therapy > Flashcards

Heart Failure Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of Heart failure

A

systolic

diastolic

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2
Q

Systolic heart failure

A

decreased pumping function of the heart

fluid generates in the lungs and you get heart failure

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3
Q

Diastolic heart failure

A

thickened/stiff heart

therefore heart doesn’t fill with blood properly

(fluid generates in lungs and you get heart failure)

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4
Q

Risk factors for heart failure

A

coronary artery disease

hypertension

valvular heart disease

alcohol

infection

diabetes

congenital heart defects

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5
Q

Frank starling law

A

is the muscles of a healthy heat is stretched it will contract with greater force and pump out more blood

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6
Q

as circulatory volume increases, the heart dilates and the force of contraction

A

weakens, and cardiac output drops further

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7
Q

reduced cardiac output will activate what system?

A

RAAS system

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8
Q

Loss of blood (circulatory system) will lead to

A

vasoconstrictor system activation (sympathetic)

salt and water retention (RAAS)

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9
Q

The RAAS causes the release of

A

angiotensin II

aldosterone

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10
Q

The result of RAAS activation is

A

salt and water retention

vasoconstriction

hypertrophy

fibrosis of cardiac myocytes

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11
Q

Activation of the sympathetic system causes the release of

A

adrenaline

noradrenaline

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12
Q

noradrenaline and adrenaline release ill cause

A

vasoconstriction

stimulate renin release

myocyte hypertrophy

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13
Q

Progressive retention of salt and water results in

A

oedema

pulmonary oedema

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14
Q

Treatment to improve symptoms

A

diuretics

digoxin

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15
Q

treatment to improve symptoms AND survival

A

ACE inhibitor

spironolactone

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16
Q

Treatment to improve survival

A

beta blockers

ivabradine

17
Q

Heart failure symptomatic treatment mat also involve treating

A

loop diuretics

sympathetic activation

(biosprolol)

18
Q

two groups of drugs to block the effects of angiotensin II

A

ACE inhibitors (ramipril)

Angiotensin antagonists (Valsartan, Losartan)

19
Q

Aldosterones effects can be blocked by

A

spironolactone

20
Q

ANP and BNP are potent

A

vasodilators

21
Q

Enhancing cardiac function can be done by treating with

A

positive inotropes

vasodilators

22
Q

Positive inotropes

A

improve the ability of the heart to pump and improve cardiac status

23
Q

passive inotrope drug commonly used

A

Digoxin

24
Q

Loop diuretics function

A

removes excess water and salt

inhibit the Na-K-Cl transporter in the loop of henle

25
Q

Diuretic patients can use in combination with thiazide diuretics - however this can induce diuresis of

A

5-10 litres per day

26
Q

What drug groups would be used to reduce mortality?

A

angiotensin blocker

beta receptor blocker

aldosterone blocker

ANP/BNP enhancer

27
Q

ACE inhibitor drugs

A

Ramipril

Enalapril

Lisinopril

28
Q

ACE inhibitors function

A

competitively block angiotensin II converting enzymes

reduced preload AND after load on heart

29
Q

Angiotensin II receptors blockers are only used when

A

ACE inhibitors can’t be

ACEI are more effective

30
Q

Aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

diuretic
(used in combination with loop diuretics)

31
Q

Beta blockers examples

A

carvedilol

bisoprolol

metoprolol

32
Q

Beta blockers should only be used on patients with chronic heart failure when they have

A

stabilised

33
Q

Ivabradine

A

specific inhibitor of the If current in the sinoatrial node

34
Q

Positive inotrope example

A

digoxin

35
Q

Digoxin

A

increase availability of calcium in the myocyte

reduced number of hospital stays

36
Q

anticoagulant example

A

warfarin

37
Q

warfarin

A

prevents thrombus formation and thrombosis-embolic events

38
Q

always monitor their weight daily for…

A

how much fluid they may be loosing etc

Yr1-S2-Cardio Systems (33 decks)

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