Heart Failure Therapy

Question 1

Two types of Heart failure

Answer 1

systolic

diastolic

Question 2

Systolic heart failure

Answer 2

decreased pumping function of the heart

fluid generates in the lungs and you get heart failure

Question 3

Diastolic heart failure

Answer 3

thickened/stiff heart

therefore heart doesn’t fill with blood properly

(fluid generates in lungs and you get heart failure)

Question 4

Risk factors for heart failure

Answer 4

coronary artery disease

hypertension

valvular heart disease

alcohol

infection

diabetes

congenital heart defects

Question 5

Frank starling law

Answer 5

is the muscles of a healthy heat is stretched it will contract with greater force and pump out more blood

Question 6

as circulatory volume increases, the heart dilates and the force of contraction

Answer 6

weakens, and cardiac output drops further

Question 7

reduced cardiac output will activate what system?

Answer 7

RAAS system

Question 8

Loss of blood (circulatory system) will lead to

Answer 8

vasoconstrictor system activation (sympathetic)

salt and water retention (RAAS)

Question 9

The RAAS causes the release of

Answer 9

angiotensin II

aldosterone

Question 10

The result of RAAS activation is

Answer 10

salt and water retention

vasoconstriction

hypertrophy

fibrosis of cardiac myocytes

Question 11

Activation of the sympathetic system causes the release of

Answer 11

adrenaline

noradrenaline

Question 12

noradrenaline and adrenaline release ill cause

Answer 12

vasoconstriction

stimulate renin release

myocyte hypertrophy

Question 13

Progressive retention of salt and water results in

Answer 13

oedema

pulmonary oedema

Question 14

Treatment to improve symptoms

Answer 14

diuretics

digoxin

Question 15

treatment to improve symptoms AND survival

Answer 15

ACE inhibitor

spironolactone

Question 16

Treatment to improve survival

Answer 16

beta blockers

ivabradine

Question 17

Heart failure symptomatic treatment mat also involve treating

Answer 17

loop diuretics

sympathetic activation

(biosprolol)

Question 18

two groups of drugs to block the effects of angiotensin II

Answer 18

ACE inhibitors (ramipril)

Angiotensin antagonists (Valsartan, Losartan)

Question 19

Aldosterones effects can be blocked by

Answer 19

spironolactone

Question 20

ANP and BNP are potent

Answer 20

vasodilators

Question 21

Enhancing cardiac function can be done by treating with

Answer 21

positive inotropes

vasodilators

Question 22

Positive inotropes

Answer 22

improve the ability of the heart to pump and improve cardiac status

Question 23

passive inotrope drug commonly used

Answer 23

Digoxin

Question 24

Loop diuretics function

Answer 24

removes excess water and salt

inhibit the Na-K-Cl transporter in the loop of henle

Question 25

Diuretic patients can use in combination with thiazide diuretics - however this can induce diuresis of

Answer 25

5-10 litres per day

Question 26

What drug groups would be used to reduce mortality?

Answer 26

angiotensin blocker beta receptor blocker aldosterone blocker ANP/BNP enhancer

Question 27

ACE inhibitor drugs

Answer 27

Ramipril Enalapril Lisinopril

Question 28

ACE inhibitors function

Answer 28

competitively block angiotensin II converting enzymes reduced preload AND after load on heart

Question 29

Angiotensin II receptors blockers are only used when

Answer 29

ACE inhibitors can't be | ACEI are more effective

Question 30

Aldosterone antagonist

Answer 30

spironolactone | diuretic (used in combination with loop diuretics)

Question 31

Beta blockers examples

Answer 31

carvedilol bisoprolol metoprolol

Question 32

Beta blockers should only be used on patients with chronic heart failure when they have

Answer 32

stabilised

Question 33

Ivabradine

Answer 33

specific inhibitor of the If current in the sinoatrial node

Question 34

Positive inotrope example

Answer 34

digoxin

Question 35

Digoxin

Answer 35

increase availability of calcium in the myocyte reduced number of hospital stays

Question 36

anticoagulant example

Answer 36

warfarin

Question 37

warfarin

Answer 37

prevents thrombus formation and thrombosis-embolic events

Question 38

always monitor their weight daily for...

Answer 38

how much fluid they may be loosing etc