Congestion and Oedema

Question 1

Blood flow equation

darcy’s

Answer 1

flow = change in pressure over resistance

Question 2

congestion

Answer 2

relative excess of blood in vessels of a tissue or organ

Question 3

local acute congestion examples

Answer 3

deep vein thrombosis

Question 4

local chronic congestion

Answer 4

hepatic cirrhosis

Question 5

generalised acute congestion

Answer 5

congestive cardiac failure

Question 6

DVT blocks veins in the leg causing

Answer 6

localised acute congestion

Question 7

DVT gives a …. pressure gradient and …… flow

Answer 7

reduced

decreased

Question 8

Hepatic Cirrhosis results from serious damage to the

Answer 8

liver

alcohol, HBV

Question 9

Hepatic cirrhosis pathology

Answer 9

regenerating liver forms nodules of hepatocytes with intervening fibrosis

loss of architecture (blood flow blocked in portal system)

Question 10

Hepatic cirrhosis causes a risk of

Answer 10

haemorrhage

Question 11

Congestive cardiac failure

Answer 11

heart is unable to clear blood (RV and LV)

Question 12

congestive heart failure leads to a reduced ….. and …..

Answer 12

CO

glomerular filtration rate

(increase in fluids )

Question 13

Congestive heart failures effects

Answer 13

back pressure - blood blocked

pulmonary oedema

central venous congestion in liver

Question 14

3 components that affect net flux and filtration

Answer 14

hydrostatic pressure

oncotic pressure

permeability characteristics and area of the endothelium

Question 15

Oedema

Answer 15

accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the extravascular compartment

Question 16

peripheral oedema

Answer 16

increased interstitial fluid in body cavities

Question 17

oedema transudate

Answer 17

alterations in the forces acting across the capillary wall

Question 18

oedema exudate

Answer 18

part of the inflammatory process

Question 19

pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema

Answer 19

left vent failure

right vent failure

blood retained in systemic veins

congestive heart failure

ALL ABOUT HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Question 20

left ventricular failure in pulmonary oedema would lead to

Answer 20

increased arterial pressure

increased pulmonary vascular pressure

increased pulmonary blood pressure

increase pulmonary blood volume

Question 21

Lymphatic obstruction is the result of

Answer 21

hydrostatic pressure upset

lymphatic drainage is required for normal flow - so if the system is blocked = lymphoma

Question 22

upsetting of any of the starling forces can lead to

Answer 22

oedema