Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis

Question 1

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

ventricular function is imparied

Question 2

dilated cardiomyopathy aetiology

Answer 2

genetic

inflammatory, immune, infectious, postpartum

toxic (drugs, exogenous chemical, endocrine)

injury, cell loss, scar replacement

Question 3

Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

progressive, slow onset

dyspnoea

fatigue

orthopneoa

ankle swelling

cough

Question 4

PMH of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

systemic illness

travel

vascular disease

Question 5

Examination of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

poor perfusion

SOB

narrow pulse pressure

JVP elevated

displace apex

pulmonary oedema

ankle oedema

Question 6

Investigations dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

ECG

CXR

BNP

basic bloods and U+E

Echo

coronary angiogram

Question 7

Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy

physical

Answer 7

correct anaemia

correct endocrine disturbance

monitor fluids

manage weight

Question 8

Pharmacological treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors

Angiotensin II blockers

diuretics

beta blockers

cardiac transplants

Question 9

Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy

Answer 9

less common

describes the filling and myocyte relaxation capacity

Question 10

Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy pathology

Answer 10

inability to fill well a ventricle whose wall has reduced compliance

Question 11

Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy investigation

Answer 11

ECG

CXR

BNP

Basic Bloods (FBC, U+E)

Echo

Question 12

Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy treatment

Answer 12

limit diuretic use

beta blockers (limit ACEI use)

anticoagulants

Question 13

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathology

Answer 13

myocyte hypertrophy and disarray

general or just segments of wall thickness

impaired relaxation

Question 14

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms

Answer 14

asymptomatic for many

palpitations ,exertion symptoms

SOB, fatigue, chest pains

Question 15

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy examination

Answer 15

can be none!

irregluar pulse

JVP can be raids

Question 16

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy investigations

Answer 16

ECG

Echo

CMRI

Question 17

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy general measure to reduce symptoms

Answer 17

avoid exercise

avoid dehydration

genetic testing

Question 18

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pharmacological

Answer 18

drugs to enhance relaxation

anticoagulate

Question 19

Myocarditis

Answer 19

acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium

Question 20

Myocarditis causes

Answer 20

viral

fungal

bacterial

toxins

autoimmune

Question 21

Myocarditis symptoms

Answer 21

heart failure with fatigue, SOB

Question 22

Myocarditis investigations

Answer 22

ECG abnormal

Echo

Biomarkers of MI

CMRI

auto antibodies

Question 23

Myocarditis general measures to reduce symptoms

Answer 23

treat heart failure

immunotherapy

stop possible drugs or toxic agent exposure

Question 24

Pericardial Disease

(pericarditis) what is it?

Answer 24

inflammation of the pericardial layers with or without myocardial involvement

Question 25

Pericardial Disease causes

Answer 25

most are either viral or idiopathic (HIV, Hep B) etc

Question 26

Pericardial Disease symptoms

Answer 26

chest pain fever raised temperature low BP raised JVP

Question 27

Pericardial Disease investigations

Answer 27

ECG Echo troponin

Question 28

Pericardial Disease general measures to reduce symptoms

Answer 28

wait for viral to stop bacterial must be drained (small effusion)

Question 29

Pericardial effusion causes

Answer 29

same causes of pericarditis

Question 30

Pericardial effusion symptoms

Answer 30

fatigue SOB Dizzy Low BP

Question 31

Pericardial effusion tests

Answer 31

Echo | CXR

Question 32

Pericardial effusion treatment

Answer 32

drainage

Question 33

constrictive pericarditis causes

Answer 33

idiopathic post surgery radiation autoimmune

Question 34

constrictive pericarditis pathology

Answer 34

impaired filling

Question 35

constrictive pericarditis symptoms

Answer 35

fatigue SOB cough

Question 36

constrictive pericarditis signs

Answer 36

right heart failure odema his JVP jaundice hepatomegally

Question 37

constrictive pericarditis investigations

Answer 37

echo right heart catheter

Question 38

constrictive pericarditis treatment

Answer 38

limited diuretic pericardectomy