Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Flashcards
Dilated cardiomyopathy
ventricular function is imparied
dilated cardiomyopathy aetiology
genetic
inflammatory, immune, infectious, postpartum
toxic (drugs, exogenous chemical, endocrine)
injury, cell loss, scar replacement
Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
progressive, slow onset
dyspnoea
fatigue
orthopneoa
ankle swelling
cough
PMH of dilated cardiomyopathy
systemic illness
travel
vascular disease
Examination of dilated cardiomyopathy
poor perfusion
SOB
narrow pulse pressure
JVP elevated
displace apex
pulmonary oedema
ankle oedema
Investigations dilated cardiomyopathy
ECG
CXR
BNP
basic bloods and U+E
Echo
coronary angiogram
Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
physical
correct anaemia
correct endocrine disturbance
monitor fluids
manage weight
Pharmacological treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II blockers
diuretics
beta blockers
cardiac transplants
Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy
less common
describes the filling and myocyte relaxation capacity
Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy pathology
inability to fill well a ventricle whose wall has reduced compliance
Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy investigation
ECG
CXR
BNP
Basic Bloods (FBC, U+E)
Echo
Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathy treatment
limit diuretic use
beta blockers (limit ACEI use)
anticoagulants
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathology
myocyte hypertrophy and disarray
general or just segments of wall thickness
impaired relaxation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms
asymptomatic for many
palpitations ,exertion symptoms
SOB, fatigue, chest pains
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy examination
can be none!
irregluar pulse
JVP can be raids
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy investigations
ECG
Echo
CMRI
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy general measure to reduce symptoms
avoid exercise
avoid dehydration
genetic testing
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pharmacological
drugs to enhance relaxation
anticoagulate
Myocarditis
acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium
Myocarditis causes
viral
fungal
bacterial
toxins
autoimmune
Myocarditis symptoms
heart failure with fatigue, SOB
Myocarditis investigations
ECG abnormal
Echo
Biomarkers of MI
CMRI
auto antibodies
Myocarditis general measures to reduce symptoms
treat heart failure
immunotherapy
stop possible drugs or toxic agent exposure
Pericardial Disease
(pericarditis) what is it?
inflammation of the pericardial layers with or without myocardial involvement
Pericardial Disease causes
most are either viral or idiopathic
(HIV, Hep B) etc
Pericardial Disease symptoms
chest pain
fever
raised temperature
low BP
raised JVP
Pericardial Disease investigations
ECG
Echo
troponin
Pericardial Disease general measures to reduce symptoms
wait for viral to stop
bacterial must be drained (small effusion)
Pericardial effusion causes
same causes of pericarditis
Pericardial effusion symptoms
fatigue
SOB
Dizzy
Low BP
Pericardial effusion tests
Echo
CXR
Pericardial effusion treatment
drainage
constrictive pericarditis causes
idiopathic
post surgery
radiation
autoimmune
constrictive pericarditis pathology
impaired filling
constrictive pericarditis symptoms
fatigue
SOB
cough
constrictive pericarditis signs
right heart failure
odema
his JVP
jaundice
hepatomegally
constrictive pericarditis investigations
echo
right heart catheter
constrictive pericarditis treatment
limited diuretic
pericardectomy
