SS9 Final Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
French Revolution:
Republic
A
a country without a monarch
2
Q
French Revolution:
Constitutional Monarchy
A
a monarchy in which the monarch rules according to the laws and constitution of the nation.
3
Q
French Revolution:
Absolute monarchy
A
A monarchy where the monarch has total power
4
Q
French Revolution:
Democracy
A
A country in which the people vote for the government
5
Q
French Revolution:
Bill of Rights
A
- People could not avoid laws without the consent of the parliament
- Petitioning against the kind was illegal
- There were free elections
- People of parliament had freedom of speech
- Bails had to be reasonable
- Parliament had to be held frequently
6
Q
French Revolution:
Who were the Three Estates
A
the First Estate (clergy);
the Second Estate (nobility);
the Third Estate (commoners).
The king was considered part of no estate.
7
Q
French Revolution:
18th c France
A
Peasants, lots of poor. Louis etc super wealthy, not running the country properly, spending like crazy, bankrupting the country.
8
Q
French Revolution:
Inflation
A
When the price of something skyrockets
9
Q
French Revolution:
Marie Antoinette
A
- offended many aristocrats
- loved glittering life of court
- she idealized the peasant life
- extravagant and loved fancy things
- spending a large sums of jewels
10
Q
French Revolution:
Enlightenment
A
- science and human intelligence were important
- if a belief could not stand up to a reason
- if it could not be demonstrated by experiment then it had to be discarded
11
Q
French Revolution:
Voltaire
A
Voltair is the most famous philosopher
- he was against the church
- many of his ideas were accepted by rulers of other nations
- Believed in absolute monarchy, hated injustice
12
Q
French Revolution:
Rousseau
A
He believes that society needed a social contract
- an agreement in which everyone agrees to abide by certain rules
- for example each citizen would have to agree to what the majority wanted
- He believed in what he described as natural law
- that everyone is good but modern society corrupted them
13
Q
French Revolution:
Montesquieu
A
Believed that the ruler had to work with the elected parliament
-his ideas were not so well received by European monarchs who had little interest in sharing powers with the people
14
Q
French Revolution:
National Assembly
A
After six weeks of no progress The third estate broke off from the other states and created a government known as the National Assembly
Took the tennis court oath which meant they has to stay until a government was formed
The other 2 estates joined
15
Q
French Revolution:
Napoleon and the 1795 Convention
A
Napoleon was called upon to save the convention from rebellious French citizens,
He ordered cannons to fire grapeshot point-blank into the crowd
16
Q
French Revolution:
Declaration of the Rights of Man
A
The declaration guaranteed freedom of
- thought
- speech
- religion
- security and
- property and
- put its limits on the power of the government
17
Q
French Revolution:
Executions - France
A
Guiloteen
18
Q
French Revolution:
What was the response of other Europeans nations to the French Revolution
A
The other nations did not like that they overthrew the monarchy in France
Other European monarchs tried to support Louis to get him back in power
19
Q
Napoleonic Era:
Napoleon’s support from the Italians
A
Napoleon promised the Italians freedom
He lied and sent his soldiers in to collect treasures and brought them back to Europe making himself wealthy
20
Q
Napoleonic Era:
Civil Code _Napoleon
A
Napoleonic Code: a new book of law for the nation reflecting the kind of society Napoleon wanted
There was one law for all of Europe
21
Q
Napoleonic Era:
Continental System
A
The Continental system banned trading with Britain and its colonies such as Canada
22
Q
Napoleonic Era:
Why didn’t the continental system work?
A
It did not work because Europe did not have control of the sea
The Continental system didn’t work because it hurt you’re just as much as it hurt england
There was illegal trade goods became scarce and expensive smuggling became profitable pirating became encouraged
23
Q
Napoleonic Era:
Who did Napoleon put in charge of conquered territories
A
His family
24
Q
Napoleonic Era:
How did Napoleon change Europe
A
Much of Europe was divided into countries and provinces only Britain remained independent
He abolished serfdom and put the old feudal system to rest he also encourage religious tolerance
25
Napoleonic Era:
What is Imperialism
The policy of extending control of a region or region buy one nation imperialism usually involves both economic and political control
26
Napoleonic Era:
What is Patriotism
pride in ones country
27
Napoleonic Era:
What is Nationalism
the belief that ones country is the best country ever.
28
Napoleonic Era:
What is Colonialism
Control of one part of the world by a powerful country often for commercial advantage
29
Napoleonic Era:
Russian Campaign - scorched earth
The Russians were defeated, but refused to surrender.
They did a scorched earth retreat, where they destroyed everything in their wake as they retreated leaving nothing for the advancing army to live off.
30
Napoleonic Era:
Napoleon and Spain
Napoleon's troops were particularly cruel in Spain, and were brutal conquerors not friendly saviours
31
Napoleonic Era:
Waterloo
Napoleon's career was ended with the defeat
32
Napoleonic Era:
Congress of Vienna
The map of Europe was re-drawn at the Congress of Vienna which met for the first time in 1814 which was Napoleon's enemies including Britain Russia Austria and Prussia
33
Industrial Revolution:
Textiles - Britain
Mostly wool from sheep
34
Industrial Revolution:
Test Act
It was passed when anti-catholic fever reached a high point. It forced all people to take a sacrament before taking office.
35
Industrial Revolution:
how did Britain use India
They used India for cotton
36
Industrial Revolution:
Enclosure
Where farm owners would kick their tenants off of their farm to make big field instead of strips
37
Industrial Revolution:
Plant rotation
When there were four crops in rotation 2 were radishes and clover to put nitrogen back into the soil
38
Industrial Revolution:
Laissez-Faire what is it?
economies function most efficiently when unencumbered by government regulation
39
Industrial Revolution:
Laissez-faire who benefits
The factory owners benefit
40
Industrial Revolution:
Coal mining hazzards
Explosions
Lung cancer
Death in accidents
41
Industrial Revolution:
philanthropists
A philanthropist is a person who gives money or gifts to charities, or helps needy people in other ways.
Famous examples Bill & Melinda Gates.
42
Industrial Revolution:
capitalist
Geting a capital is investing in a new company if your company was already doing well
43
Industrial Revolution:
speculator
A speculator is a trader who approaches the financial markets with the intention to make a profit by buying low and selling high (or higher), not necessarily in that order.
The speculator is distinguished from the investor, who approaches the financial markets with the intention of making a return on his capital
44
Industrial Revolution:
supply and demand
when the demand for something is high the price is also high for in the demand for something is low the price is also low
45
Industrial Revolution:
factory labour
people worked hard in factories, under terrible conditions. Many children worked there. There was low pay, no healthcare
46
Industrial Revolution:
factory acts
Factory ask first helped child laborers and then later on Helped all workers
Children under 10 weren't allowed to work more than 12 hour shifts
47
Industrial Revolution:
Irish potato famine
staple food for millions of europeans, all potatoes rotted, loads starved to death
48
Geography:
plate tectonics
to do with the earth's crust, when the plates push together they make mountains
49
Geography:
geography
the study of the land
50
Geography:
topography
the shape of the land
51
Geography:
geology
the study of the earth
52
Geography:
anthropology
the study of people and culture
53
Geography:
climate
the prevailing conditions of temperature and precipitation
54
Geography:
mixed forest
coniferous and deciduous
55
Geography:
subsistence
more than one way of finding food
56
Geography:
agriculture
planting food
57
Early Arrival in Canada:
shamanism
religion of the native people, focus is on connection to nature spirits
58
Early Arrival in Canada:
Inuit-- important land animals
Caribou
59
Early Arrival in Canada:
Iroquois- important crop
corn
60
Early Arrival in Canada:
plains people - important animal
buffalo
61
Early Arrival in Canada:
plateau people - important dietary staple
fish
62
Early Arrival in Canada:
potlatch
The potlatch was a way of distributing wealth and food
They were also a sign of nobility
63
Early Arrival in Canada:
Lief the Lucky
leif the luckys real name was leif erikson. He was a character in viking stories, he was real and theres a viking setlement in newfoundland. L'anse aux meanows
64
Early Arrival in Canada:
John Cabot
looks for japan and china. His ship was called the matthew. First place he found was newfoundland and he found the grand banks "lots of fish"
65
Early Arrival in Canada:
Jacques Cartier
1534 he was looking for the northwest passage, he found prince edward island. He kidnaped two native people.
66
Early Arrival in Canada:
Samuel de Champlain
he was asked to set a permanent colony in canada, the colony became known as acadia.
67
Early Arrival in Canada:
Kirke brothers
formed the Company of Associates and was given patents by Charles 1 to trade and settle in Canada. Became the governor of Newfoundland.
Had run ins with Champlain to get him to give up New France. Finally the French had to leave, but then Kirke was told in 1632 that he had to give it back to the French.
68
Early Arrival in Canada:
North American resources
wood, fish, pelts "beaver",
69
Early Arrival in Canada:
Challenges for Europeans
harsh winters, native people attacking
70
Early Arrival in Canada:
Purpose of the colony for France
to establish a permenant trade settlement, establish rights of the French in the new land -- ownership
71
Early Arrival in Canada:
Champlain's choice of settlement site
champlain picked quebec because he was a soldier and noticed he could only be attacked by one side because of the clifts.
72
Early Arrival in Canada:
Value of beaver pelts
depended on the fashion, thickness of the fur, size of the fur
73
Early Arrival in Canada:
Coureurs de bois
runners of the woods -- the first fur traders from Quebec
74
Early Arrival in Canada:
Missionaries & Jesuits
church people who came to the natives to teach them about European God
75
Early Arrival in Canada:
Mercantilism
getting raw materials for cheap, then sell a finished product, to make profit.
76
Early Arrival in Canada:
Expulsion of the Acadians
originally french then british came along and kicked them all out, made them leave everything behind.
77
Early Arrival in Canada:
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
When the British attacked the french to gain Quebec
78
Early Arrival in Canada:
Hudson's Bay company
Sold furs
79
Early Arrival in Canada:
North West Company
North west company went to the natives and was the rivalry of the hbc
80
Early Arrival in Canada:
Rupert's Land
Rupert's land was all the way and that I had a river draining into the Hudson's Bay
81
Early Arrival in Canada:
Explorers - goals
To find new land
Map the country
New sources of fur
82
Early Arrival in Canada:
Maritime fur trade
The fur trade that was happening outside of central Canada. Used large boats vs over land with canoes
Mostly sold to China and sea otters
83
Early Arrival in Canada:
Captain cook
He was a good British Captain who takes care of the sailors he traveled around the globe and discovered Antarctica and proved the Northwest passage doesn't exist
1778 arrives in Nootka sound on Vancouver Island and trades but the people there for continuing south to Hawaii where he was killed
84
Early Arrival in Canada:
Women of the fur trade
vital role. Country wives, native or metis women, they had social connections which helped with trading. Helped courire de bois with transelating, helped them with food and winter and conoes, without the women they would not survive
85
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
Lord Selkirk's purpose for the Red River Colony
Lord Selkirk's goal was to settle Scottish people in Canada (esp. on the red river, given to him by HBC)
86
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
Battle of seven oaks
The pemican war
They cut off the pemican supply
87
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Royal Proclamation of 1774
Issued by the British government
- stopped land speculation
- Native people were happy because it meant that the settlers could no longer go onto their territory
88
American Revolution and War of 1812:
American Protests
```
The Americans felt they were second class citizens
-the British were taking advantage of their resources by taxing them too much and imposing laws on them without asking them
```
89
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Stamp Act
In 1765, a stamp had to be purchased and placed on any and all purchases to show that they had paid taxes on the item.
Americans were being taxed without their consent
90
American Revolution and War of 1812:
American victory over the British (Why?)
War lasted for 7 years,
| France joined the American side,
91
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Loyalists
one who is faithful to Britain,
about 20% of the Americans,
they were persecuted, homes/farms burned down, many forced to leave and came to Canada.
92
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Constitutional Act of 1791
- United Empire Loyalists wanted their own government in Canada.
- 1791 they were given it .
- Created two colonies, Lower (French) and Upper Canada (Eng).
- Upper was up river and closer to the USA.
- BOth had elected government
93
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Indentured servants
a promise to work for a number of years to pay off the cost of the trip to the new world "voluntary slavery"
94
American Revolution and War of 1812:
War of 1812 (Why?)
British North America has only 500,000 inhabitants compared to 8 million Americans, so it was a tasty target for takeover,
Americans thought the British were fighting alongside the Natives against them.
The Americans were also angry about the trade restrictions placed on them after the revolution
95
American Revolution and War of 1812:
War of 1812 - what was the result
Because Napoleon had been defeated, the British were able to send seasoned troops to fight the Americans.
They had the support of the native people.
The people in Upper Canada became more loyal to Canada not the Americans.
The Star Spangled Banner was written after one of the main battles (Plattsburg, Baltimore)
96
American Revolution and War of 1812:
War of 1812 - First nations contribution
General Brock had a good relationship with the Native people which helped him defeat the Americans.
Without Tecumseh & his people there would have been no Canada, but his contributions went forgotten
97
Geography:
What are tectonic plates?
The large plates that make up the earth's surface and move around in continental drift.
98
Geography:
What is subduction?
When one plate goes underneath another plate. We live in a subduction zone.
99
Geography:
What is climate?
the weather in an area, gauged over a period of time so it's the usual weather
100
Geography:
What is Topography?
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
101
Geography:
What is Vegetation?
the plants that grow in an area
102
Geography:
What is erosion?
the gradual destruction of something, usually by water
103
Geography:
What is glaciation?
the process of being covered by an ice sheet
104
Geography:
What is a mixed forest?
a vegetational transition between coniferous forest and broad- leaved deciduous forest,
105
Geography:
Describe the arctic
- very flat, far north, very cold
| - some trees grow on tundra, very small
106
Geography:
What is the difference between folded and volcanic mountains?
Folded Mountains - flat surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of deformation.
Volcanic Mountains - are mountains that form when molten rock erupts onto the Earth's surface.
107
French Revolution:
What was the Reign of Terror?
when the revolutionaries killed many people by guillotine etc.
108
French Revolution:
Who were the Jacobins?
The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution
109
French Revolution:
Who/what was the Directory?
The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795,
it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte
110
French Revolution:
What was the Social Contract?
A book written by Rousseau in 1762
he wondered:
what is the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems
111
Industrial Revolution:
What were the eight causes of the industrial revolution?
- modern work attitudes , laws to support trade
- education
- a product to sell
- transportation for the product
- large market
- "modern" government
- money
- science improved products
112
Industrial Revolution:
What are commons?
A place in each town where people could let their animals graze. These were taken away forcing people into the towns.
113
Industrial Revolution:
What are colonies and mother countries?
A mother country is the main country like Britain or Spain.
| The colonies are countries that have been taken over by the 'mother' country and are exploited for raw materials
114
Industrial Revolution:
What is enclosure?
Farm land was made into large farms, creating businesses rather than farming as a way of life.
Large farms vs small, poor farmers
115
Industrial Revolution:
What is franchise?
the right to vote (but women were not included)
116
Industrial Revolution:
What is a clothier?
a cloth merchant
117
Industrial Revolution:
What was the Factory Act?
In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows: no child workers under nine years of age.
118
Industrial Revolution:
What are Scottish Clearances?
The removal of highland people to clear the land of people to allow for the introduction of sheep pastures
119
Industrial Revolution:
What were the major inventions?
Jethro Tull - Seed Drill
James Hargreaves - Spinning Jenny (weaving)
John Kay - Flying Shuttle (weaving)
James Watt - Steam Engine
120
Industrial Revolution:
What was the role of children in the Industrial Revolution?
Children were not treated well, overworked, and underpaid for a long time before anyone tried to change things for them. Wages and Hours: Children as young as six years old during the industrial revolution worked hard hours for little or no pay.
121
Industrial Revolution:
What is a cottage industry?
a small industry that is a home based business
122
Industrial Revolution:
What are social classes?
Usually noted in Britain.
Wealthy
Middle Class - medium wealth, business owners
Poor
123
Early Arrival in Canada:
What was the Treaty of Utrecht?
1713 Ended a European battle, but gave Britain territories in Canada and India.
It officially ended the war, but in Canada skirmishes kept going, and didn't really end till after the 7 years war.
124
Early Arrival in Canada:
Who were the Filles du roi?
The King's Girls - orphans sent from France for a new life, given $ to help set up home and marry a man in New France
125
Early Arrival in Canada:
Who was Jean Talon?
the first Intendant of New France
| wanted the Filles due Roi to encourage soldiers to settle in New France
126
Early Arrival in Canada:
Who could colonies trade with?
Colonies traded with their mother country. Raw materials from the colonies like furs shipped to England to be made into hats.
127
Early Arrival in Canada:
What was the Seigneurial system and the Seigneur's role?
The Seigneurs were like the lords of the manor and they had habitants who were the farmers.
The Seigneur had a manor house, a mill to grind grain, judge any disputes, etc.
128
Early Arrival in Canada:
What was important about the Ohio valley?
both the British and the French wanted control over the fur trade in an area of the west of the Rocky Mountains in Ohio Valley.
129
Early Arrival in Canada:
Who were the habitants and what were their jobs?
The French Canadian farmers who settled in New France.
- had to serve in the militia
- keep land productive
- grind their grain in the mill
130
Early Arrival in Canada:
What were the causes and outcomes of the 7 years war?
Britain vs. France
- involved all their colonies all over the world
- ended up with Britain winning and France losing New France
131
Early Arrival in Canada:
What is imperialism?
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
132
Early Arrival in Canada:
What is a monopoly?
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
133
Early Arrival in Canada:
What is colonialism?
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
134
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
Who formed the Hudson Bay Company?
1
135
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
How did the Hudson Bay Company establish themselves?
1
136
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
How did the Hudson Bay company conduct trade?
1
137
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
Who formed the NorthWest Company?
1
138
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
How did the North West Company establish themselves?
1
139
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
How did the North West company conduct trade?
1
140
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
What is Rupert's land?
1
141
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
What were the desirable furs?
1
142
HBC vs NWC Explorers and Red River:
Who were the major explorers of the fur trade?
1 - see work package
143
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What were the three causes of the American Revolution?
1. Royal Proclamation
2. Taxation without representation
3. Weak governance
144
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What is taxation without representation?
1
145
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What does weak governance mean?
1
146
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Why did the Royal proclamation make the Americans angry?
1
147
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What was the Boston Tea Party?
1
148
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What was the Declaration of Independence?
1
149
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What were the causes of the American victory against the British?
1
150
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Who were the patriots?
1
151
American Revolution and War of 1812:
Who is Tecumseh?
1
152
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What is manifest destiny?
1
153
American Revolution and War of 1812:
What were the First nations alliances?
1
154
Upper and Lower Canada:
What was the Constitutional act?
1
155
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the tensions in Upper Canada?
1
156
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the tensions in Lower Canada?
1
157
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who were the Loyalists?
1
158
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who were the Family Compact?
1
159
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who were the Chateau Clique?
1
160
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who were land speculators?
1
161
Upper and Lower Canada:
What was the colonial government structure?
1
162
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were Crown Reserves?
1
163
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were Clergy reserves?
1
164
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the push and pull factors regarding coming to Canada?
1
165
Upper and Lower Canada:
What was Responsible Government?
1
166
Upper and Lower Canada:
What is Veto power?
1
167
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who was William Lyon Mackenzie?
1
168
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who is Louis Joseph Papineau?
1
169
Upper and Lower Canada:
What was the List of Grievances?
1
170
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the 92 Proposals and 10 Resolutions?
1
171
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who were the Patriotes?
1
172
Upper and Lower Canada:
What is important about Montgomery's Tavern?
1
173
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who was Lord Durham?
1
174
Upper and Lower Canada:
What is the Act of Union?
1
175
Upper and Lower Canada:
What is Canada west/Canada East?
1
176
Upper and Lower Canada:
What is Mercantilism?
1
177
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the corn laws?
1
178
Upper and Lower Canada:
Who was Lord Elgin?
1
179
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the Rebellion Losses Bill?
1
180
Upper and Lower Canada:
What were the coffin ships?
1
181
Confederation:
What were the US influences on Confederation?
Americans were expanding
Purchased Alaska from Russia
Gold Rush in BC - American gold miners
54-40 - USA wanted that as the northern border (Ladysmith is the 49)
182
Confederation:
How did the Fenian raids influence Confederation?
Irish who settled in the USA to escape Britain
Kept attacking British towns on the border
US Gov ignored it
183
Confederation:
How did the railway influence Confederation?
Most railways were being built in the USA
Colonists wanted a Canadian train for trade
in 1850 there was only 150 km of track
184
Confederation:
How did the Reciprocity influence Confederation?
- Britain had a trade deal with the USA,
- USA cancelled it because Britain supported the south in the American Civil war
- BNA colony suffered b/c they were seen as British
185
Confederation:
How did Great Britain wanting to end colonial rule influence Confederation?
Britain started to look at the colonies as a drain on them
cost of defense were huge
wanted colonies to pay more taxes
186
Confederation:
How did the political deadlock influence Confederation?
the government and the opposition had nearly the same number of seats
could not out vote each other
187
Confederation:
What is a double majority?
Government of East and government of west had to both pass a bill to make it law
Needed a majority in both places = double majority
188
Confederation:
What is Representation by Population?
population = number of seats allocated
189
Confederation:
Who were the major political parties and their leaders and platforms during Confederation?
Parti Rouge - Papineau
Parti Blue- George-Etienne Cartier
Clear Grits - George Brown (defend English interests)
190
Confederation:
What did the people in the Maritimes think about Confederation?
1
191
Confederation:
What was the Charlottetown conference?
1
192
Confederation:
What was the Quebec conference?
1
193
Confederation:
What was the London conference?
1
194
Confederation:
What was the British North America Act?
1
195
Confederation:
Why is July 1, 1867 important?
1
196
Confederation:
What is Federalism?
1
197
Confederation:
What were the 72 resolutions?
1
