Spinal Final Exam: Section XI. Arthology of Vertebral Column----IVD Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?
limited motion, median plane location, support ligaments both anterior and posterior to the joint, more permanent in longevity than synchondrosis, and they occur b/w bones developing by endochondral ossification
What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints
- articular or fibrous capsule
- synovial membrane
- articular cartilage
- synovial fluid
What are the three classifications of synovial membrane?
- articular synovial membrane
- vaginal synovial membrane
- bursal synovial membrane
What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?
- synovial villi
- articular fat pads or Haversian glands
- synovial menisci and intra-articular discs
Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the verterbral column?
lumbar zygapophyses
Synovial mensici are a feature of what joint examples?
femur-tibia articulation,
cervical zygapophyses, and
lumbar zygapophyses
What are the specific functions of Type A synovial cells?
Type B?
are phagocytic
secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?
form a network for water retention
Cartilage is able to change shape due to compression, a characteristic known as___________.
deformation
What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?
cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property
What are the properties of synovial fluid?
it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty
Synovial fluid consists of what specific chemical groups?
fats, salts, albumins, and hyaluronate
Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
hyaluronate
Which substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
lubricin
What are the common ligaments of the vertebral column?
those ligaments commonly found between vertebral couples from C2/C3 to L4/L5
Identify the common ligaments of the vertebral column.
the 9 common ligaments are the:
- anterior longitudinal ligament
- intervertebral disc
- posterior longitudinal ligament
- ligamentum flavum
- capsular ligament
- interspinous ligament
- ligamentum nuchae,
- supraspinous ligament
- intertransverse ligament
What is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?
eight
What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adults?
23
In the adult, which vertebral levels will demonstrate a true intervertebral disc?
those between C2 and S1 inclusive
What is the cervical nucleus pulposus composed of?
fibrocartilage
What is the consequence of non-aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulposus?
the nucleus pulposus will lose water under deformation conditions
What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age eleven?
notochord cells
Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?
collagen type II
What is the organization pattern for collagen fibers in the nucleus pulposus?
they are irregularly oriented and randomly scattered
What is unusual about the cervical annulus fibrosus?
it lacks any lamellar or layered organization
What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?
a horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin
What compensates for the thinness of the posterior part of the cervical annulus fibrosus?
posterior longitudinal ligament
What is the organization of the lumbar annulus fibrosus?
it has 12-14 concentric cylindrical lamellae
Why is the posterior part of the lumbar annulus fibrosus more susceptible to rupture, herniation, prolapse, or protrusion?
the posterior margin of each lamellus is thin and the posterior longitudinal ligament is also less developed
What is the consequences of aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?
the annulus fibrosis will retain water under deformation conditions
Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?
collagen type I