Spinal Exam 1: Unit V, VI Flashcards
V. Intro to Basic Anthrology VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column (to pg.49 stopped at Pedicle and Lamina
What term is used to identify the study of joints?
arthology
What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?
syndesmology
What are the three histological classifications of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial fluid
What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potentials?
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis
What is the classifications of a joint held together with cartilage?
synchondrosis
What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?
symphysis
What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?
synchondrosis, symphysis
What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?
arthrodia
What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?
ginglymus
What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?
trochoid
What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?
condaylar or bicondylar
What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?
ellipsoidal
What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?
sellar
What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?
cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis
What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?
fibrous joint
What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?
synostosis
What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?
a ligament
What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?
cartilage joint
What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?
they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template
Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?
(amphiarthrosis) symphysis
What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid
What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?
most zygapophyses of the vertebral column
What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?
median atlanto-axial joint
What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?
an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring
What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?
the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint
What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint
Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface on the other side?
diarthrosis ellipsoidal
What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?
the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint
Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?
ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints
Which mammals do not have seven cervical vertebrae?
the two toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth
Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?
ant bear, three-toed sloth
Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?
two-toed sloth, manatee
What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?
seven segments
Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?
C1, C2, C7
What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?
rectangular
What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?
it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body
What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kyphotic
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
the intervertebral disc height
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
Which vertebral couples will demonstrate a decrease in intervertebral disc height?
C2/C3 down to C4/C5
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?
3rd - 4th fetal month
What is the joint classification for the anterior lip -anterior longitudinal ligament - anterior groove articulation?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What is the joint classification for the posterior lip - posterior longitudinal ligament - posterior groove articulations?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process - lateral groove articulations?
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
How many joints are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
five
How many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
give
How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of typical cervical?
ten
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
right and left uncinate process, right and left lateral groove
What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint
The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?
the uncinate process and lateral groove
How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
four
What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?
is appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension
and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine
How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joints are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
two
What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?
the longus colli muscle
