Spinal Exam 1: Unit V, VI

Question 1

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

Answer 1

arthology

Question 2

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

Answer 2

syndesmology

Question 3

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

Answer 3

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial fluid

Question 4

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potentials?

Answer 4

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis

Question 5

What is the classifications of a joint held together with cartilage?

Answer 5

synchondrosis

Question 6

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

Answer 6

symphysis

Question 7

What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

Answer 7

synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 8

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

Answer 8

arthrodia

Question 9

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

Answer 9

ginglymus

Question 10

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

Answer 10

trochoid

Question 11

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

Answer 11

condaylar or bicondylar

Question 12

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

Answer 12

ellipsoidal

Question 13

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

Answer 13

sellar

Question 14

What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?

Answer 14

cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis

Question 15

What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?

Answer 15

fibrous joint

Question 16

What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?

Answer 16

synostosis

Question 17

What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?

Answer 17

a ligament

Question 18

What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 18

cartilage joint

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

Answer 19

they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template

Question 20

Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

Answer 20

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 21

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 21

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

Question 22

What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?

Answer 22

most zygapophyses of the vertebral column

Question 23

What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?

Answer 23

median atlanto-axial joint

Question 24

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

Answer 24

an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring

Question 25

What example of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 25

the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint

Question 26

What example of the diarthrosis condylar joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 26

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint

Question 27

Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface on the other side?

Answer 27

diarthrosis ellipsoidal

Question 28

What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 28

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

Question 29

Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?

Answer 29

ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

Question 30

Which mammals do not have seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 30

the two toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth

Question 31

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 31

ant bear, three-toed sloth

Question 32

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 32

two-toed sloth, manatee

Question 33

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

Answer 33

seven segments

Question 34

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

Answer 34

C3-C6

Question 35

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

Answer 35

C1, C2, C7

Question 36

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

Answer 36

rectangular

Question 37

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

Answer 37

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

Question 38

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 38

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

Question 39

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

Answer 39

posterior or kyphotic

Question 40

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 40

the intervertebral disc height

Question 41

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 41

anterior or lordotic

Question 42

Which vertebral couples will demonstrate a decrease in intervertebral disc height?

Answer 42

C2/C3 down to C4/C5

Question 43

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 43

C5/C6

Question 44

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 44

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

Question 45

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

Answer 45

3rd - 4th fetal month

Question 46

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip -anterior longitudinal ligament - anterior groove articulation?

Answer 46

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 47

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip - posterior longitudinal ligament - posterior groove articulations?

Answer 47

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 48

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process - lateral groove articulations?

Answer 48

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

Question 49

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

Answer 49

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 50

How many joints are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 50

five

Question 51

How many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 51

give

Question 52

How many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of typical cervical?

Answer 52

ten

Question 53

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 53

right and left uncinate process, right and left lateral groove

Question 54

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 54

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

Question 55

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

Answer 55

the uncinate process and lateral groove

Question 56

How many total synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 56

four

Question 57

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

Answer 57

is appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

Question 58

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joints are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 58

two

Question 59

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 59

the longus colli muscle