Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy -- Morter > Spinal Exam 2: Section VI - Lamina/Pedicle--Atypical C Vert. > Flashcards

Spinal Exam 2: Section VI - Lamina/Pedicle--Atypical C Vert. Flashcards

VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column

1
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

posterolateral , 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the vertebral couple, which cervical vertebral body will contribute more toward the height of the intervertebral foramen?

A

neither, both contribute equally to the intervertebral foramen height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the superior vertebral notch of C5?

A

C5 spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the inferior vertebral notch of C5?

A

C6 spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?

A

posteromedially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

fibrous (ampiarthrosis) syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

para-articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ossification within the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

heterotopic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

heart-shaped or triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?

A

transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at__?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

spenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators, and posterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?

A

cervical spine nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

the common carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

the articular pillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55 to 60 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous precess?

A

they are non-bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators, and interspinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the interspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above
the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below
the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis), the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis), the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral inscisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?

A

the lateral grooe of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process, and the intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

A

the anterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

longus colli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital, and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate sufaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular face of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula
splenius cervicis
rectus capitis anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1?

A

about forty percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

males: about fifty millimeters
females: about thirty-seven millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

67
Q

What are the attachment sites of the ponticulus posticus?

A

it is attached to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas

68
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic population?

A

all ethnic population studied thus far

69
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1% - 41%

70
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

71
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus?

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifteen percent; the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as forty-one percent

72
Q

What is observed on the under surface of the posterior arch of C1?

A

“inferior vertebral notch” and an attachment site for the posterior atlanto-axial ligament

73
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

74
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

75
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

76
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A 
rectus capitis anterior,
rectus capitis lateralis,
middle scalene,
levator scapula,
splenius cervicis,
obliquus capitis superior,
obliquus capitis inferior, and
intertransversarii muscles
77
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor,
rectus capitis posterior major, and
obliquus capitis inferior

78
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

79
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

80
Q

What forms the lateral bridges are observed in the population?

A

incomplete lateral bridges and complete lateral bridges

81
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

82
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve, and veins communication with the venous sinuses of the neck

83
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous?

A

ponticulus posticus

84
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

lateral bridges

85
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

86
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males: 78 millimeters
females: 72 millimeters

87
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

88
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A 
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint,
synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint,
synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint, and
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
89
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

90
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets, and fovea dentis

91
Q

What names are given to C2?

A

axis and epistropheus

92
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

the dens or odontoid process

93
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

five

94
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament

95
Q

Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints

96
Q

What is the name/classifications given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed posterior?

A

lordotic dens

97
Q

What is the name/classifications given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed anterior?

A

kyphotic dens

98
Q

How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

five

99
Q

What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar), and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

100
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

ten

101
Q

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis,
synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid),
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar), and
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

102
Q

What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

membrana tectoria

103
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

A

membrane tectoria

104
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

105
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?

A

on the lamina-pedicle junction

106
Q

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis interior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, and ligamentum flavum

107
Q

What muscles attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

108
Q

What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

they are asymmetrical and slightly convex

109
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

110
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

A

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

111
Q

What muscle attaches to the articular processes of C2?

A

longissimus cervicis

112
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are absent at C2?

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

113
Q

What will be observed in the transverse foramen at C2?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

114
Q

What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?

A

males: fifty-seven millimeters (57)
females: about fifty millimeters (50)

115
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C2?

A 
levator scapulae,
middle scalene,
splenius cervicis,
longissimus cervicis, and
intertransversarii
116
Q

What is characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?

A

bifid

117
Q

What is the location for palpation of the spinous process of C2?

A

in the midline, about two inches below the external occipital protuberance

118
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

A 
rectus capitis posterior major,
obliquus capitis inferior,
spinalis cervicis,
semispinalis cervicis,
multifidis,
rotators, and
interspinalis muscles
119
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C2?

A

ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments

120
Q

What names may be given to C7?

A

vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence

121
Q

What is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?

A

vertebral prominance

122
Q

What name is given only to C7?

A

vertebra prominens

123
Q

In what percent of men and of women does C7 become the vertebral prominence?

A

men: eighty-six percent (86%)
women: seventy-nine percent (79%)

124
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

125
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7?

A

eight

126
Q

What joint classifications are observed as the vertebral body of C7?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis,
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis, and
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint

127
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

two

128
Q

What muscle(s) attaches to the vertebral body of C7?

A

longus colli muscle

129
Q

What features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7?

A

vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers

130
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?

A 
middle scalene, 
iliocostalis thoracis, 
longissimus cervicis, 
semispinalis capitis, 
rotators, 
intertransversarii, and 
levator costarum brevis
131
Q

What is the angulation of the articular facet of C7?

A

more vertical at about 63 degrees

132
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C7?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

133
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7?

A

forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)

134
Q

What muscles will attach to the articular process of C7?

A

longissimus cervicis,
longissimus capitis,
semispinalis cervicis, and
multifidis

135
Q

What are the features of the spinous process of C7?

A

long, horizontal, nonbifid

136
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C7?

A 
trapezius,
rhomboid minor,
serratus posterior superior,
splenius capitis,
spinalis capitis,
spinalis cervicis,
semispinalis thoracis,
multifidis,
rotators, and
interspinalis
137
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7?

A

ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments

138
Q

The vertebral artery on which side is typically larger?

A

left vertebral artery

139
Q

What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

140
Q

What was the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?

A

the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

141
Q

Which side artery was tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

142
Q

What are the symptoms of failure of the vertebral artery to compensate during the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

dizziness, vertigo, nausea are common complaints

143
Q

Typically, at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?

A

C6

144
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-axial interspace

145
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-occipital interspace

146
Q

At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?

A

both C1 and C2

147
Q

What is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between C2, C1, and occiput?

A

the increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations

148
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine- medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

149
Q

Which suboccipital muscles attach to C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor,
obliquus capitis superior, and
obliquus capitis inferior

150
Q

Which suboccipital muscles attach to C2?

A

rectus capitis posterior major and obliquus capitis inferior

151
Q

What joint classifications are present at C1?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal,
synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid),
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia), and
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

152
Q

What joint classifications are present at C2?

A

synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid),
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia),
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar),
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, and
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint

153
Q

What joint classifications are present at each typical cervical?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia),
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar),
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, and
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

154
Q

What joint classifications are present at C7?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia),
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar),
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, and
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

155
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

inferior articular process of C1, superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament

156
Q

What forms the posterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A

the posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, and posterior atlanto-axial ligament

157
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C1 nerve from the spinal canal?

A 
occipital condyle,
superior articular process of C1,
capsular ligament,
arcuate rim,
groove for the vertebral artery,
posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
158
Q

What forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal?

A 
inferior articular process of C1,
superior articular process of C2,
capsular ligament,
inferior vertebral notch of C1,
superior vertebral notch of C2,
posterior arch of C1,
lamina of C2,
posterior atlanto-axial ligament
159
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C3-C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A 
the vertebral bodies,
intervertebral disc,
posterior longitudinal ligament,
uncinate process,
lateral groove
160
Q

What forms the anterior boundary for the C8 nerve exit from the spinal canal?

A 
the vertebral bodies of C7 and T1,
intervertebral disc,
posterior longitudinal ligament,
capsular ligament of the costocentral joint,
superior costal facet of T1, and
articular surface of the first rib
161
Q

What are the superior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, upward, medial (BUM),
C2 is backward, upward, lateral (BUL)
C3-C7 is backward, upward, medial (BUM)

162
Q

What are the inferior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 is backward, downward, medial (BMD)
C2-C6 is forward, downward, lateral (FoLD)
C7 is forward, downward, medial (ForMeD)

163
Q

How many synovial joints are identified for each cervical vertebra?

A 
C1 = five
C2 = eight
C3-C6 = eight
C7 = six
164
Q

How many joints are identified at the vertebral body of each cervical vertebra?

A 
C1 = none
C2 = ten
C3-C6 = ten
C7 = eight

Spinal Anatomy -- Morter (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions