Spinal Final Exam: Section IX. Transition Zones of the Vertebral Column Flashcards
What are the transition zones of the vertebral column?
occipitocervical, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbossacral, and sacrococcygeal zones
How are specific segments within a transition zone identified?
by adjacent region of the segment, process of transition, and specific segment (occipitalization of C1)
What does the suffix “ization” refer to?
in the process of becoming like
What are the possible transition zone - segmental combinations?
cervicalization of occiput, occipitalization of C1
dorsalization of C7, cervicalization of T1
lumbarization of T12, dorsalization of L1
sacralization of L5, lumbarization of S1
coccygealization of S5, sacralization of Co1
What is/are the characteristic(s) of cervicalization of occiput?
an increase in occipital bone size, formation of new or larger lines on the occipital bone
What is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalization of C1?
the atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput
What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?
atlas assimilation
What is the incidence of occipitalization of C1?
0.1% - 0.8%
When do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear?
during the last trimester in utero
When do the bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process fuse?
at or shortly after birth
What joint forms between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2?
the subdental synchondrosis
What joint classification is present between the C2 odontoid process and centrum?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
Ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age?
4 years old
A joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 is last identified at what age?
7 years old
What is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7?
os odontoideum
What is an os odontoideum?
a persistence beyond age 7 of the joint formed between the centrum and odontoid process centers of ossification
What is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7?
persistent subdental synchondrosis
What is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification?
tip of the dens synchondrosis
What is the classification of the joint formed between the top of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear?
sometime in early adolescence
Based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified?
secondary center of ossification
At what age will the tip of the dens fuse with the odontoid process?
before age 12
If the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?
terminal ossicle