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Spinal Anatomy -- Morter > Spinal Final Exam: Section X. Myology of the Back--Superficial Back, Unique M., Erector Spinae M., & Transversospinalis M. > Flashcards

Spinal Final Exam: Section X. Myology of the Back--Superficial Back, Unique M., Erector Spinae M., & Transversospinalis M. Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are associated with the five muscle layers of the true back?

A

Layer 1: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Layer 2: rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and levator scapulae
Layer 3: serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
Layer 4: erector spinae
Layer 5: transversospinalis

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2
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous process represent layer one of the true back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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4
Q

Which muscles attaching to transverse processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

levator scapulae

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5
Q

The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

the spinal accessory nerve

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6
Q

What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius?

A

C1-C5 cord levels contribute to the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve

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7
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

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8
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?

A

ventral rami from C6-C8

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9
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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10
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

the ventral ramus of C5

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11
Q

The levator scapulae is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C3, C4 ventral rami

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12
Q

The rhomboid major is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

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13
Q

The rhomboid minor is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

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14
Q

What muscles lie just beneath the trapezius in the neck?

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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15
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

the spinous process

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16
Q

Splenius capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5 cord levels)

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18
Q

Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-Ct cord levels

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20
Q

Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?

A

the erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles

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21
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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22
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

spinous processes of T11-T12, L1-L5, median sacral crest, lateral sacral crest

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23
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

costal angles of the lower 6-9 ribs (ribs 6 - rib 12 or rib 3 - rib 12)

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

dorsal rami or lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

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25
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

spinous processes of L1-L5

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26
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?

A

iliac crest of the innominate bone

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27
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum

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28
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs (rib 5 or 6 - rib 12)

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29
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

costal angles of the upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7

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30
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

transverse process of C7

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31
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on ribs?

A

iliocostalis thoracis

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)

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33
Q

What is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)

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34
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6

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35
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)

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36
Q

What muscles are classically identified as longissimus muscles?

A

longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus capitis

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37
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

accessory process and transverse processes of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

38
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?

A

transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments

between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs (rib 2 or 3 - rib 12)

39
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis

40
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)

41
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

accessory process and medial part of transverse process of L1-L5

42
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innomiate bone

43
Q

Contraction of longissimus thoracis pars lumborum will result in what movements?

A

lateral flexion of lumbar spine

bilaterally extend lumbar spine and increase lumbar lordotic curve

44
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

spinous process of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

45
Q

What non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone

46
Q

Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

47
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?

A

posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular processes from C2-C6 or C7

48
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C4-C8 and T1-T2 spinal nerves (C4-C8 and T1-T2 cord levels)

49
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?

A

transverse tubercle of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-C7

50
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

51
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)

52
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis

53
Q

What muscles are classically identified as spinalis muscles?

A

spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis

54
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?

A

spinous processes of T11 and T12-L1 and L2

55
Q

What is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?

A

spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8

56
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves

57
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis cervicis?

A

spinous process of C7 and T1-T6

58
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the spinalis cervicis?

A

spinous process from C2-C4

59
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)

60
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis capitis?

A

spinous process of C7 and T1-T6 or T7

61
Q

What is the insertion for the spinalis capitis?

A

below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

62
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

63
Q

Which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscle?

A

semispinalis, multifidis, and rotators

64
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis msucles?

A

as many as nine vertebrae

65
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis thoracis?

A

transverse tubercles of T6-T10 or as low as T12

66
Q

What segment will respresent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

67
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

spinous processes of C6-C7 and T1-T4

68
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T6)

69
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-C7

70
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis cervicis?

A

spinous processes of C2-C5

71
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)

72
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6

73
Q

What is the insertion for the semispinalis captitis?

A

below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

74
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)

75
Q

The biventer cervicis is formed by the fusion of what muscles?

A

semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis

76
Q

What regional subdivisions are now identified with multifidis muscles?

A

lumbar multifidis, thoracic multifidis and cervical multifidis

77
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic multifidis?

A

articular process of C4-C7, transverse processes of T1-T12, mammillary processes of L1-L5 and the dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5

78
Q

What is the insertion for the classic multifidis?

A

spinous process 3-5 segments above the origin

79
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?

A

multifidis

80
Q

What is the innervation of the classic multifidis?

A

dorsal rami of C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1 spinal nerves (cord levels C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1)

81
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the multifidis cervicis?

A

articular process of C4-C7

82
Q

What is the attachment site and most cranial vertebra of insertion for the multifidis?

A

spinous process of C2

83
Q

Contraction of multifidis cervicis will result in what movements?

A
  • alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution,
  • determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain, and
  • is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck
84
Q

Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal or origin - insertion?

A

multifidis lumborum

85
Q

Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

86
Q

What is characteristic of multifidis innervation?

A

all fascicles attaching to a specific spinous process are innervated by the nerve of that segment…(the L2 spinal nerve terminates on fascicles attaching to the L2 spinous process)

87
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum, and multifidis lumborum

88
Q

Rotator muscles are typically identified in what region of the spine?

A

the thoracic region

89
Q

What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?

A

deep layers of the multifidis

90
Q

What muscle connects a transverse process to the spinous process of the segment above?

A

rotator brevis

91
Q

What muscle connects a transverse process to the spinous process two segments above?

A

rotator longus

92
Q

What innervates the rotators?

A

dorsal rami at the level of insertion are believed to do so

Spinal Anatomy -- Morter (21 decks)

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