Spinal Final Exam: Sec. XII. Osteology, Sec. XIII Arthology, Sec. XIV. Embryology of Ant. Thorax

Question 1

What vertebral levels correspond to the postition of the manubrium sterni?

Answer 1

T3-T4

Question 2

What are the participants in the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 2

the clavicle, manubrium sterni, and the costal cartilage of the first rib

Question 3

What separates the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni?

Answer 3

the manubriosternal symphysis

Question 4

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?

Answer 4

T5-T9

Question 5

What ribs will joint with the corpus sterni via costal cartilage?

Answer 5

ribs 2-7

Question 6

What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?

Answer 6

a sternal foramen

Question 7

What are the classifications of ribs 3-7 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 7

typical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs

Question 8

What are the classifications of ribs 1 and 2 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 8

atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs

Question 9

What are the classifications of ribs 8 and 9 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 9

typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs

Question 10

What are the classifications of rib 10 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 10

atypical rib, false rib, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral rib

Question 11

What are the classifications of ribs 11 or 12 in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 11

atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs

Question 12

What are the joint surfaces of the costochondral joint?

Answer 12

the costal cartilage with the sternal end of each rib

Question 13

What is the joint classification of the costochondral joint?

Answer 13

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 14

What joint classification is now given to the joint between the sternum, clavicle, and first rib?

Answer 14

synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint

Question 15

What ribs will participate in the sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 15

rib 1 to rib 7

Question 16

What is the classic classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 16

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 17

What is the newer suggested classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 17

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 18

What is the classification of the second - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 18

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 19

What are the joint surfaces of the second sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 19

the costal cartilage of the second rib with costal rotch II of the manubrium sterni, costal notch II of the corpus sterni and the manubrium symphysis

Question 20

What are the joint surfaces of the third - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 20

the costal cartilage of ribs 3-7 with costal notch III-VII of the corpus sterni

Question 21

What is the classification of the sixth through the ninth interchondral joints?

Answer 21

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 22

What is the classification of the fifth - sixth or ninth - tenth interchondral joint?

Answer 22

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 23

Which costal cartilages fail to form a joint at their sternal end?

Answer 23

the eleventh and twelfth costal cartilages

Question 24

What forms the manubriosternal joint?

Answer 24

fibrocartilage layer attaches the manubrium sterni to the corpus sterni

Question 25

Which sternal joint will ossify by age forty?

Answer 25

the joint between the corpus sterni and the xiphoid process

Question 26

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the manubrium?

Answer 26

1-3 centers have been identified

Question 27

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the corpus sterni?

Answer 27

typically 6

Question 28

In what part of the sternum will a secondary center of ossification appear?

Answer 28

the xiphoid process

Question 29

When does the xiphoid process first demonstrate a center of ossification?

Answer 29

sometime during or after 3 years old

Question 30

When will the synchondroses between sternabrae begin to ossify?

Answer 30

during puberty

Question 31

Synchondroses of the corpus sterni will fuse together beginning with which sternabrae?

Answer 31

the lower sternabrae fuse first; they ossify in a caudal to cranial direction

Question 32

In what part of the rib will primary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 32

the body (corpus, shaft)

Question 33

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 33

the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

Question 34

Which ribs will demonstrate primary centers of ossification for the body (corpus or shaft)?

Answer 34

all ribs; ribs 1-12

Question 35

Which ribs lack secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 35

ribs 11 and 12

Question 36

Which ribs demonstrate three secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 36

ribs 2-9

Question 37

Which ribs have only two secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 37

ribs 1 and 10