Spinal Final Exam: Sec. XII. Osteology, Sec. XIII Arthology, Sec. XIV. Embryology of Ant. Thorax Flashcards
What vertebral levels correspond to the postition of the manubrium sterni?
T3-T4
What are the participants in the sternoclavicular joint?
the clavicle, manubrium sterni, and the costal cartilage of the first rib
What separates the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni?
the manubriosternal symphysis
What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?
T5-T9
What ribs will joint with the corpus sterni via costal cartilage?
ribs 2-7
What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?
a sternal foramen
What are the classifications of ribs 3-7 in the typical adult skeleton?
typical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs
What are the classifications of ribs 1 and 2 in the typical adult skeleton?
atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs
What are the classifications of ribs 8 and 9 in the typical adult skeleton?
typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs
What are the classifications of rib 10 in the typical adult skeleton?
atypical rib, false rib, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral rib
What are the classifications of ribs 11 or 12 in the typical adult skeleton?
atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs
What are the joint surfaces of the costochondral joint?
the costal cartilage with the sternal end of each rib
What is the joint classification of the costochondral joint?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis
What joint classification is now given to the joint between the sternum, clavicle, and first rib?
synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint
What ribs will participate in the sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
rib 1 to rib 7
What is the classic classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis
What is the newer suggested classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
What is the classification of the second - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
What are the joint surfaces of the second sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
the costal cartilage of the second rib with costal rotch II of the manubrium sterni, costal notch II of the corpus sterni and the manubrium symphysis
What are the joint surfaces of the third - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
the costal cartilage of ribs 3-7 with costal notch III-VII of the corpus sterni
What is the classification of the sixth through the ninth interchondral joints?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
What is the classification of the fifth - sixth or ninth - tenth interchondral joint?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Which costal cartilages fail to form a joint at their sternal end?
the eleventh and twelfth costal cartilages
What forms the manubriosternal joint?
fibrocartilage layer attaches the manubrium sterni to the corpus sterni
Which sternal joint will ossify by age forty?
the joint between the corpus sterni and the xiphoid process
How many primary centers of ossification appear in the manubrium?
1-3 centers have been identified
How many primary centers of ossification appear in the corpus sterni?
typically 6
In what part of the sternum will a secondary center of ossification appear?
the xiphoid process
When does the xiphoid process first demonstrate a center of ossification?
sometime during or after 3 years old
When will the synchondroses between sternabrae begin to ossify?
during puberty
Synchondroses of the corpus sterni will fuse together beginning with which sternabrae?
the lower sternabrae fuse first; they ossify in a caudal to cranial direction
In what part of the rib will primary centers of ossification appear?
the body (corpus, shaft)
In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?
the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle
Which ribs will demonstrate primary centers of ossification for the body (corpus or shaft)?
all ribs; ribs 1-12
Which ribs lack secondary centers of ossification?
ribs 11 and 12
Which ribs demonstrate three secondary centers of ossification?
ribs 2-9
Which ribs have only two secondary centers of ossification?
ribs 1 and 10
