spinal cord exam 4 (final exam) Flashcards
what is the hollow area that protects the spinal cord formed by the vertebral foramen?
the vertebral column
what is the spinal meninges?
continuous with cranial meninges
1) dura mater
2) arachnoid mater with arachnoid layer
3) pia mater
what is the size and shape of the spinal cord?
it is a flattened cyllinder anterior/posterior, extends from the foramen magnum to L2 (mid lumbar region)
what is the cervical enlargement ?
spinal cord is wider from area C4-T1 nerve fibers to arms exit here
what is the lumbar enlargement ?
spinal cord is wider from area T9-T12, nerve fibers to legs exit here
what is the conus medularis?
it is the rounded inferior end of the spinal cord
what is the extension of pia mater that extends into the sacrum and anchors spinal cord into pelvis?
filum terminale
what is the cauda equina?
they are spinal nerves extending from base of spinal cord, exit vertebral canal through intervertebral foramen
what are grooves of the spinal cord?
indentations on anterior and posterior surface of spinal cord
1) anterior median fissure
2) posterior median sulcus
what is a collection of cell bodies in the spinal cord at the center of spinal cord looks like a “H”?
grey mater
what is the hollow space at center of spinal cord attached to 4th ventricle?
central canal
what is white mater of spinal cord?
axons in spinal cord that surround the grey mater. white mater is divided into sections called columns
- anterior white columns
- lateral white columns (side)
- posterior white columns (back)
what are groups of axons in spinal cord going in the same direction?
tracts
what are ascending tracts?
take sense input to brain
what is descending tracts?
take motor instructions to PNS
what is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
all of nervous system outside brain and spinal cord
what are nerves of PNS?
collections of nerve fibers and blood vessels wrapped in connective tissue
what is the term for connective tissue wrapping entire nerve?
epineurium
what is the perinerium?
connective tissue wrapping bundles of nerve fibers into fascicles
what is endoneurium?
connective tissue wrapping one nerve fiber
what are sensory nerves?
all nerve fibers are carrying sense info
what is teh term for all nerve fibers that carry motor instructions out to muscles and glands?
motor nerves
what are mixed nerves?
a combination of sensory and motor nerve fibers
what are 12 pairs of nerves attached to the brain?
cranial nerves
what do cranial nerves 1 and 2 attach to?
the diencephalon
what do cranial nerves III - XII go to?
go to brain stem
what is the 1st cranial nerve?
olfactory nerve- sense of smell
what nerve is sense of sight?
nerve 2 the optic nerve
what is the 3rd cranial nerve ?
the occulomotor nerve moves the eyeball and eyelid
what is the 4th cranial nerve?
the trochlear nerve- moves eyeball
what is the 5th cranial nerve?
the trigeminal nerve, chewing, sense of touch, pain and temperature
what is the 6th cranial nerve?
abducens-it abducts the eyeball
what is the 7th cranial nerve?
facial nerve- facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, sense of taste
what is the vestibular cochlear nerve?
cranial nerve number 8 - sense of hearing and balance
what is the 9th cranial nerve?
the glossopharyngeal nerve- secretion of saliva, taste and blood pressure regulation
what is the vagus nerve?
10th- enters thorax and abdomen branches to internal organs controls organs(motor)
what is the 11th cranial nerve?
the accessory nerve- head movement and swallowing
what is the 12 th cranial nerve?
hypoglossal nerve-moves tongue during talking and swallowing
