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Anatomy > integumentary system: test 1 > Flashcards

integumentary system: test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

includes skin, muscle, and nerve endings. Epidermal derivatives.

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2
Q

what is largest organ in the body? Organ is multiple tissues working together for a common purpose.

A

skin

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3
Q

what is the most superficial layer of skin and is Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

epidermis

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4
Q

what are keratinocytes?

A

90% of the epidermal cells. Squamous epithelial cells contain keratin protein.

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5
Q

what is keratin?

A

a tough, semi-waterproof protein. Strengthens cells to prevent abrasion and makes skin semi-waterproof.

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6
Q

what are melanocytes?

A

8% of cells. make melanin pigment and put it in keratinocytes. Melanin is a dark pigment to protect skin from UV radiation.

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7
Q

what are langerhans cells (dendritic cells)?

A

immune cells. Crawl around in lowest levels of epidermis and fight pathogens. (makes up 2% of epidermis along with merkel cells)

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8
Q

what are merkel cells (tactile cells)?

A

sensory receptors for touch. In lowest levels of epidermis. (makes up 2% of epidermis along with merkel cells)

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9
Q

what is the deepest layer of epidermis? Once cell layer thick, Cells divide here, and Cells are square and alive.

A

stratum basale

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10
Q

what layer is 8-10 cells thick. Cells are still alive. Melanocytes put melanin into keratinocytes here.

A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

what layer is 3-5 cells thick. Keratinocytes begin to die and flatten here. Keratinocytes make keratin here.

A

stratum granulosum

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12
Q

what layer is only in thick skin. On the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 3-5 cells thick. Cells are dead and transluscent.

A

stratum lucidum

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13
Q

what layer is most superficial layer. 25-30 cells thick. All keratinocytes are dead, flat and full of keratin. The purpose is protection.

A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

what is the dermis?

A

the dermis is the deepest skin layer. Made of dense irregular connective tissue with lots of collagen and elastic fibers.

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15
Q

what is the papillary region?

A

papillary region is the upper 20% of dermis. Has projections called papilla. In papilla are corpuscles of touch sensory receptors for touch.

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16
Q

what is the reticular region?

A

the reticular region is the lower 80% of dermis. Has nerve capillaries. Some adipose tissue and epidermal derivatives. At lower dermis are lamellated corpuscles sensory receptors for touch.

17
Q

What is the term for the layer between skin and skeletal muscle? Made of areolar connective tissue can contain lammelated corpuscles contains lots of adipose cells.

A

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

18
Q

What are structures formed by epidermis that grow into dermis and give skin extra functions ?

A

Epidermal derivatives

19
Q

What is the part of hair past the skin ?

A

Shaft

20
Q

What is the part of the hair under the skin?

A

The root

21
Q

What is the medulla ?

A

Inner cylinder 3-5 cells thick

22
Q

What is the cortex ?

A

3 cells thick
Cylinder around medulla
Has pigment cells for color

23
Q

What is 1 cells thick, flat epidermal cells filled with keratin arranged like shingles ?

A

Cuticle (hair)

24
Q

What is a hair follicle ?

A

Epidermal structure

In dermis surrounding each hair.

25
Q

What is the external root sheath ?

A

Epithelial cells next to dermis

26
Q

What is the internal root sheath?

A

Epithelial cells against the hair

27
Q

What is the swelling at bottom of follicle, capillaries enter here?

A

Bulb of hair

28
Q

What is the hair root plexus ?

A

Nerve ending attached to bulb

29
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle?

A

Smooth muscle attached to follicle pulls hair straight

30
Q

What type of gland secretes oil into skin to moisten skin and hair uses hair follicles as ducts ?

A

Sebaceous glands

31
Q

What is eccrine gland ?

A

All over body. Sweat is water and ions to cool body.

32
Q

What type of gland is in arm pits and pubic area, active at puberty? Sweat has organic chemicals pheromones to attract males.

A

Apocrine glands

33
Q

What type of gland makes wax in ear canal?

A

Ceremonious glands

34
Q

What are plates of very tightly packed highly keratinized squamous epithelial cells?

A

Nails

35
Q

What is the nail body ?

A

Part above the skin

36
Q

What is the free edge of the nail?

A

End/tip of the nail that extends past the digit

37
Q

What is the nail root ?

A

Part under the skin ends at nail matrix (nail grows from matrix )

38
Q

What is the lunula ?

A

At proximal body light patch of skin this is stratum basale.

Anatomy (31 decks)

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