joints test 1 Flashcards
what is the term for the point of contact between two bones?
articulations
describe movement & strength for joints:
joints that allow more movement are hard to dislocate but allow less motion. very mobile joints are easy to dislocate.
what is the term for immobile joint? give an example.
synarthrosis. ex. joints in skull bones.
what is the term for a joint that allows slight movement? give an example.
amphiarthrosis. ex. distal tibia and fibula
what is the term for a freely moving joint? give an example.
diarthrosis. ex. most limb joints(elbow etc.)
what is the structural classification of joints?
based on joint structure. presence or absence of joint cavity.material joining bones.
what is a fibrous joint?
has fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together and has no joint cavity.
what are sutures(fibrous joint)?
joints between skull bones. bones have jagged edges so they interlock. very strong.
what is the term for two bones held together by a ligament of fibrous connective tissue? give an example.
syndermosis(fibrous joint). ex. distal tibia and fibula in some cases ligament is large and wraps the bones.
what is the term for a peg like tooth root fits into a scoket(alveoli) of maxilla or mandible held in by a periodontal ligament?
gomphosis(fibrous joint)
what are cartilaginous joints?
cartilage joins the bones. no joint cavity.
what type of cartilaginous joint uses hylaine cartilage as joining material?
synchondrosis
what type of cartilaginous joint is fibrocartilage as joining material? give an example.
symphysis. pubic symphysis
what is fluid filled cavity between the bones enclosed by articular capsule?
synovial joint
what type of synovial joint forms wall of joint cavity made of connective tissue? name the 2 layers.
articular capsule.
- fibrous capsule
- synovial membrane
what layer of the articular capsule is the outer layer made of dense irregular connective tissue and holds bones together?
fibrous capsule
which layer of the articular capsule is the inner layer made of aerolar connective tissue secretes synovial fluid into joint cavity?
synovial membrane
what are accessory ligaments?
bands of dense connective tissue that holds bones together.
what is the extracapular ligament?
located outside joint capsule
what is the intracapular ligament?
located inside joint cavity.
what is articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage where bones meet
what is the extra pad of hylaine cartilage in cavity to help bones fit? not all joints have this
articular discs(meniscus)
what is a plane joint( gliding joint)? give an example.
(type of synovial joint) both bones have flat surfaces. allows: forward & back side to side. doesn’t allow twisting. ex. carpal bones
which what is a hinge joint and what does it allow?
(type of synovial joint) one bone is a "C" shape the other is a cyllinder. allows: flexation- decreases angle between bones extension- increase angle between bones
what is a pivot joint and what doe sit allow?
(type of synovial joint)
one bone has a deep notch other bone has a cylindrical head, head rotates in notch.
allows:
rotation bone turns along long axis.
what is a condyloid joint and what does it allow?
one bone is smooth and concave the other is smooth and convex typically oval shape.
allows:
flexation and extension
abduction- pull bone awayfrom mid line
adduction- pull bone toward midline
circumduction-tip of bone makes a circle.
what is a saddle joint and what does it allow?
one bone looks like a riders legs the other is shaped like a saddle.
allows: flexation and extension, abduction and adduction and back and forth
whattype of joint has a spherical head that fits into a deep cup-like socket on the other bone, and what does it allow?
ball and socket joint
allows: flexation, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation
