heart Flashcards
what is the location of the heart?
on the midline of the thoracic cavity, projects into left side of chest in a mass of tissue called the mediastinum.
what is the apex?
apex is the the inferior narrow end of the heart
what is the superior wide end of the heart, blood vessels enter and exit here?
the base
what is the anterior surface of the inferior surface against diaphragm?
sternocostal surface
what is the pericardium?
pericardium is a 3 layered membrane surrounding the heart
what layer of the heart is the outer layer made of fibrous connective tissue?
fibrous pericardium
what is the serous pericardium?
it is the inner layer consisting of two layers
- parietal layer
- visceral pericardium
what layer is tight against fibrous pericardium?
the parietal layer part of the serous pericardium
whats is tight against heart muscle wall also called the epicardium?
the visceral pericardium part of the serous pericardium
what is the term for the fluid filled space between visceral and parietal layer?
the pericardial cavity
what is the epicardium?
it is the same as the visceral pericardium- tight against heart muscle wall.
what layer of the heart wall is cardiac muscle of heart wall middle thick layer?
myocardium
what layer of the heart wall is the inner most layer lines the entire heart chambers continuous with inner layer of blood vessels?
endocardium
what is endothelium?
an epithelial layer lining a closed system, simple squamous.
what are left and right atrioventricular grooves?
furrow on heart surface between atria and ventricles contains fat and blood vessels
what is the anterior and posterior interventricular sulchi?
2 furrows on heart surface between ventricles contains fat and blood vessels
which major blood vessel of the heart takes blood to the right atrium from above the heart?
superior vena cava
which major blood vessel takes blood to the right atriumfrom below heart?
inferior vena cava
what is on back of the heart, collects blood from heart muscle, sends blood to the right atrium?
cornonary sinus
what blood vessel takes blood of left ventricle and divides to form left and right pulmonary arteries?
pulmonary trunk
what are the left and right pulmonary arteries?
takes blood to the lungs
what brings blood back from lungs to left atrium?
pulmonary veins
what does the aorta do?
takes blood out of left ventricle
what is the ascending aorta?
beginning move sin superior direction
what is the arch of the aorta?
curves posterior and inferior behind heart
what travels inferiorly behind heart?
descending aorta
what branches from ascending aorta takes blood to heart muscle?
left and right coronary arteries
what is the upper two chambers contract to fill lower two chambers?
atria (atrium)
what fills the right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from body?
right atrium
what does the left atium do?
contracts to fill left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from lungs
what is the term for expandable pouches outside of atria to hold more blood?
auricles
what is the term for the wall of muscle between atria?
inter-atrial septum
what is the fossa ovalis?
scar on interatrial septum remains of hole (foramen ovale) taht closes when you are born
what are the ventricles?
the lower two chambers
what pumps oxygen rich blood to body ( thicker muscle)?
left ventricle
what is the right ventricle
pumps oxygen poor blood to lungs
what is the muscular wall between ventricles called?
inter-ventricular septum
what is the purpose of valves of the heart?
prevents backward flow of blood in the heart
what is between atria and ventricles and prevents blood from going into the atria when ventricles contract?
atrioventricular valves
which side has 2 “flaps” and what is the term ?
left AV valve Bicuspid valve
which side has 3 “flaps” and what is the term?
right AV valve- Tricuspid valve
what are small muscles in ventricles attached to valves by strings called Chordae tendinae and what is its purpose?
papilallary muscles- holds valves shut when ventricles contract to prevent prolapse
what are semi-lunar valves and what is its purpose?
between ventricles and arteries has 3 and a half moon shaped flaps. prevents blood from flowing from artia to ventricles, when ventricles relax.
where is the pulmonary semi-lunar valve?
in pulmonary trunk
where is the aortic semi lunar valve located?
in the aorta
