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Anatomy > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the location of the heart?

A

on the midline of the thoracic cavity, projects into left side of chest in a mass of tissue called the mediastinum.

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2
Q

what is the apex?

A

apex is the the inferior narrow end of the heart

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3
Q

what is the superior wide end of the heart, blood vessels enter and exit here?

A

the base

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4
Q

what is the anterior surface of the inferior surface against diaphragm?

A

sternocostal surface

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5
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

pericardium is a 3 layered membrane surrounding the heart

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6
Q

what layer of the heart is the outer layer made of fibrous connective tissue?

A

fibrous pericardium

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7
Q

what is the serous pericardium?

A

it is the inner layer consisting of two layers

  1. parietal layer
  2. visceral pericardium
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8
Q

what layer is tight against fibrous pericardium?

A

the parietal layer part of the serous pericardium

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9
Q

whats is tight against heart muscle wall also called the epicardium?

A

the visceral pericardium part of the serous pericardium

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10
Q

what is the term for the fluid filled space between visceral and parietal layer?

A

the pericardial cavity

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11
Q

what is the epicardium?

A

it is the same as the visceral pericardium- tight against heart muscle wall.

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12
Q

what layer of the heart wall is cardiac muscle of heart wall middle thick layer?

A

myocardium

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13
Q

what layer of the heart wall is the inner most layer lines the entire heart chambers continuous with inner layer of blood vessels?

A

endocardium

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14
Q

what is endothelium?

A

an epithelial layer lining a closed system, simple squamous.

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15
Q

what are left and right atrioventricular grooves?

A

furrow on heart surface between atria and ventricles contains fat and blood vessels

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16
Q

what is the anterior and posterior interventricular sulchi?

A

2 furrows on heart surface between ventricles contains fat and blood vessels

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17
Q

which major blood vessel of the heart takes blood to the right atrium from above the heart?

A

superior vena cava

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18
Q

which major blood vessel takes blood to the right atriumfrom below heart?

A

inferior vena cava

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19
Q

what is on back of the heart, collects blood from heart muscle, sends blood to the right atrium?

A

cornonary sinus

20
Q

what blood vessel takes blood of left ventricle and divides to form left and right pulmonary arteries?

A

pulmonary trunk

21
Q

what are the left and right pulmonary arteries?

A

takes blood to the lungs

22
Q

what brings blood back from lungs to left atrium?

A

pulmonary veins

23
Q

what does the aorta do?

A

takes blood out of left ventricle

24
Q

what is the ascending aorta?

A

beginning move sin superior direction

25
Q

what is the arch of the aorta?

A

curves posterior and inferior behind heart

26
Q

what travels inferiorly behind heart?

A

descending aorta

27
Q

what branches from ascending aorta takes blood to heart muscle?

A

left and right coronary arteries

28
Q

what is the upper two chambers contract to fill lower two chambers?

A

atria (atrium)

29
Q

what fills the right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from body?

A

right atrium

30
Q

what does the left atium do?

A

contracts to fill left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from lungs

31
Q

what is the term for expandable pouches outside of atria to hold more blood?

A

auricles

32
Q

what is the term for the wall of muscle between atria?

A

inter-atrial septum

33
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

scar on interatrial septum remains of hole (foramen ovale) taht closes when you are born

34
Q

what are the ventricles?

A

the lower two chambers

35
Q

what pumps oxygen rich blood to body ( thicker muscle)?

A

left ventricle

36
Q

what is the right ventricle

A

pumps oxygen poor blood to lungs

37
Q

what is the muscular wall between ventricles called?

A

inter-ventricular septum

38
Q

what is the purpose of valves of the heart?

A

prevents backward flow of blood in the heart

39
Q

what is between atria and ventricles and prevents blood from going into the atria when ventricles contract?

A

atrioventricular valves

40
Q

which side has 2 “flaps” and what is the term ?

A

left AV valve Bicuspid valve

41
Q

which side has 3 “flaps” and what is the term?

A

right AV valve- Tricuspid valve

42
Q

what are small muscles in ventricles attached to valves by strings called Chordae tendinae and what is its purpose?

A

papilallary muscles- holds valves shut when ventricles contract to prevent prolapse

43
Q

what are semi-lunar valves and what is its purpose?

A

between ventricles and arteries has 3 and a half moon shaped flaps. prevents blood from flowing from artia to ventricles, when ventricles relax.

44
Q

where is the pulmonary semi-lunar valve?

A

in pulmonary trunk

45
Q

where is the aortic semi lunar valve located?

A

in the aorta

Anatomy (31 decks)

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